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Bio 142 > Week 1: Blood > Flashcards

Week 1: Blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Major roles of blood (5)

A
  • Transportation of O2 and CO2, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
  • Regulation of pH and ion composition of tissue fluids.
  • Restriction of fluid loss due to injury.
  • Defense against toxins and pathogens.
  • Stabilization of body temperature.
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2
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective tissue

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3
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A
  • RBCs
  • WBCs
  • Platelets
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4
Q

What % of blood is formed elements?

A

37-54%

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5
Q

Erythrocytes (where they’re made and their function)

A
  • red bone marrow

* Transport gases, primarily oxygen and some carbon dioxide

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6
Q

Granular leukocytes

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
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7
Q

Neutrophils (where they’re made and function)

A
  • red bone marrow

* nonspecific immunity

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8
Q

Eosinophils (where they’re made and their function)

A
  • red bone marrow

* nonspecific immunity

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9
Q

Basophils (where they’re made and their function)

A
  • red bone marrow

* nonspecific immunity

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10
Q

Agranular leukocytes

A
  • lymphocytes

* monocytes

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11
Q

Lymphocytes (where they’re made and their function)

A
  • bone marrow and lymphatic tissue

* specific Immunity

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12
Q

Monocytes (where they’re made and their function)

A
  • red bone marrow

* nonspecific immunity

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13
Q

Platelets (where they’re made and their function)

A
  • red bone marrow (from megakaryocytes)

* hemostasis

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14
Q

Hematocrit

A

measures the percentage of RBCs in a blood sample

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15
Q

Normal hematocrit

A

Women: 37-47%
Men: 42-52%

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16
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased hematocrit

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17
Q

Packed cell volume (PCV)

A

The volume of erythrocytes after centrifugation

18
Q

Viscosity

A

measure of a fluid’s thickness or resistance to flow

Blood is about 5X more viscous than water

19
Q

Temp

A

38 °C (or 100.4 ° F) although daily variations of 0.5 °C are normal

20
Q

pH

A

7.4

it can range from 7.35 to 7.45

21
Q

Volume

A

males: 5 to 6 liters
Females: 4–5 liters.

22
Q

What % of plasma is water?

A

92%

23
Q

Albumin (%, site of production, functions)

A
  • 54-60%
  • liver
  • Maintain osmotic pressure, transport lipid molecules
24
Q

Globulins (%, type, where they’re made, and function)

A
  • 35-38%
  • alpha and beta globulins: liver; transport and maintain osmotic concentration
  • gamma globulins (immunoglobulins): plasma cells; immune responses
25
Q

Fibrinogen (%, where it’s made, and function)

A
  • 4-7%
  • liver
  • clotting and hemostasis
26
Q

hematopoiesis

A

The production of new blood cells

27
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in adults?

A

Red bone marrow

28
Q

extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

hemopoiesis outside the medullary cavity of adult bones

Throughout adulthood, the liver and spleen maintain their ability to generate the formed elements.

29
Q

What do lymphoid stem cells give rise to?

A

Lymphocytes

30
Q

Where do lymphoid stem cells migrate to?

A
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • thymus
31
Q

What cells are lymphocytes ? (3)

A
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • NK cells
32
Q

What do myeloid stem cells give rise to? (6)

A
  • erythrocytes
  • megakaryocytes to platelets
  • myoblast lineage to monocytes
  • all granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
33
Q

Erythropoietin (EPH)

A

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels. It prompts the production of erythrocytes (erythropoiesis).

34
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

another glycoprotein hormone, is produced by the liver and kidneys. It triggers the development of megakaryocytes into platelets.

35
Q

Cytokines

A

They act locally as autocrine or paracrine factors, stimulating the proliferation of progenitor cells and helping to stimulate both nonspecific and specific resistance to disease.

36
Q

Reticulocyte

A

An immature RBC

37
Q

Spectrin

A

A protein that enable RBCs to change their shape to squeeze through capillaries

38
Q

What shape is a RBC?

A

Biconcave disk

39
Q

Globin

A

four folded chains of a protein in hemoglobin

40
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin that has oxygen attached to it

41
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin that has deposited it’s oxygen

Bio 142 (1 decks)

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