Week 1 - Being a health professional / joint movements, axes + the kinetic chain Flashcards
Define a profession
- Independent + defined body of knowledge + expertise
- Having shared values + ethical decision making
- Regulated + accredited membership
-Uni degree as minimum qualififcation
What are the codes of conduct as stated by AHPRA
Must value + base practice on:
- Health + care of clients
- Safe + effective practice
- Increasing level of professional competence
- Shared decision making w/ clients
- Collaboration w/ colleagues
What are the standards of competency
Physios must be competent in/as:
- Physiotherapy practitioner
- Professional + ethical practice
- Communicator
- Reflective practice + self-directed learning
- Collaborative practitioner
- Educator
- Manager/leader
What 2 laws govern physio practice in Australia
- The health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act (2009)
- The Privacy Act (1998)
What are the 2 purposes of the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act
- Protect the public
- Ensure a flexible, responsive + sustainable Australian health workforce
Describe 3 key traits of professional behaviour
- Taking individual responsibility for behaviour + learning
- Providing respectful, safe + effective care for clients
- Working cooperatively/collaborating w/ colleagues
Who does the privacy act protect
- Individuals who are clients of health professionals that require the documentation + sharing of personal health info
What is the purpose of a code of conduct
Ensures professionals base their practice off certain values
3 documents governing physio
- Code of conduct (2022)
- Mandatory notifications about registered health practitioners (guideline)
- Informing a national board about where you practise (guideline)
What does the acronym VUCA stand for
- The notion that the world is Volatile, Uncertain, Complex + Ambiguous
Challenges for physios
- Ageing population
- Decreased resources
- Increased fragmentation of the healthcare system
- Increased competition from other professions
Describe graduate qualities of physios
- Will be prepared for lifelong learning in pursuit of development + excellence
- Will respond to change confidently + in a flexible + adaptable manner
- Will maintain a positive concept of self
Define resilience
A dynamic process of positive adaptation in the face of adversity or challenge
What are the components of PERMA+
- Positive emotion
- Engagement
- Relationships
- Meaning
- Accomplishment
+ Physical activity, nutrition, sleep + optimism
What is human movement determined by
- Individual traits eg. height, weight
- Environment
- Tasks
What are the branches of biomechanics
Kinematics = movement
Kinetics = forces
Both can be linear + angular
Define ipsilateral
Appearing on the same side of the body
eg. left knee + left elbow
Define contralateral
Appearing on the opposite side of the body
eg. Left knee, right elbow
Movements occur about what axis in relation to the sagittal plane
Frontal axis eg. bicep curl (parallel to plane)
Movements occur about what axis in relation to the frontal plane
Sagittal axis eg. arms moving parallel to the plane to above the head
Movements occur about what axis in relation to the transverse plane
Longitudinal axis eg. rotations
Define flexion
Bones forming a joint are brought closer together (angle between bones decreases)
Define extension
Bones forming a joint move away from each other (angle between bones increases)
Define abduction
Movement of body part away from midline
Define adduction
Movement of body part towards midline
Define internal (medial) rotation
Movement around a longitudinal axis, toward the midline of the body
Define external (lateral) rotation
Movement around a longitudinal axis, away from the midline
What does degrees of freedom refer to
the number of planes (or axes) of movement permitted at each joint
What are the classifications of degrees of freedom
Uniaxial (one degree)
Biaxial (2 degrees)
Triaxial/multiaxial (3 degrees)
What are examples of uniaxial synovial joints
Hinge joint eg. elbow
Pivot joint eg. median atlantoaxial joint (neck)
What are examples of biaxial joints
Condyloid joint eg. radiocarpal joint
Saddle joint eg. CMC joint of thumb
What are examples of multiaxial joints
Ball and socket joint eg. shoulder, hip
Plane joint eg. intercarpal joints (b/t carpals)
What movements are involved in ankle pronation (flattening of arch)
Dorsiflexion, eversion + abduction
What movements are involved in ankle supination (raising of arch)
Plantar flexion, inversion + adduction
What is circumduction
Abduction, adduction, flexion + extension
Occurs in the shoulder, hip + trunk
What is hyperextension
Movements occurring beyond a joints range
eg. elbow goes beyond 0* -> negative extension
What are examples of horizontal abduction + adduction
Bowling + catching a ball
Describe the 3 pairs of scapular movements
- Elevation (moving up) + depression (moving down) -> frontal plane
- Retraction (adduction) + protraction (abduction) in transversal plane
- Downwards + upwards rotation in frontal plane
Name + describe the various movements of the thumb
Flexion - towards palm
Extension - away from palm
-> sag. axis
Abduction - up
Adduction - down
-> frontal axis
Opposition - flexion, abduction + internal rotation
Describe physiological joint movement
- Occurs in a cardinal plane around a cardinal axis
- Active control + easily observed
Describe accessory joint movements
- Movements occurring between joint surfaces during physiological movements
- Essential for normal movements
- Can’t control actively -> used by clinicians to assess + treat joints
Describe 3 types of accessory joint movements
- Spin = concave/convex bones rotate around longitudinal axis
- Roll = bone at top rolls back + forth
- Slide = bone at top slides across socket of bone below
Describe what happens when the stationary bone is concave and the moving bone is convex according to the concave-convex rule
Gliding motion occurs in opposite direction to bone
Describe what happens when the stationary bone is convex and the moving bone is concave according to the concave-convex rule
Gliding motion occurs in same direction as bone
Differentiate between active + passive joint movement
Active produced through voluntary muscle contraction whilst passive requires external force
List the factors affecting joint range of motion
- Shape of articular surfaces
- Articular cartilage
- Restraining ligaments
- Tight muscles crossing joints
- Weak muscles + poor control (active only)
List ‘other’ factors influencing joint ROM
- Age
- Gender
- Habits
- Fitness
- Body type
Describe hard joint end feel
Bone on bone apposition eg. elbow
Describe firm/tight/springy joint end feel
Tight muscle, ligaments or capsule across the joint eg. length of hip flexor
Describe soft/spongy joint end feel
Soft tissue apposition eg. flexing knee
Define a kinetic chain
A series of overlapping segments connected via a pin joint
Describe an open kinetic chain
Whereby the distal segments of the chain moves in space eg. bench press, leg press
Describe a closed kinetic chain
Whereby the distal segment is fixed + the proximal segment moves eg. push up, back squat
