Week 1 - Basics - Visual and Odour Pollution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pollutant?

A

A pollutant is a substance, chemical or item or any form of energy that has harmful effects on the ecosystem (plant, animals and humans)

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2
Q

What is pollution?

A

Pollution is the addition of a pollution into the environment at a rate faster than it can be diluted, dispersed, decomposed, recycled or stored in a harmless way.

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3
Q

What is Pollution Science?

A

Pollution Science is the study of cause and effect of pollution.

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4
Q

What is Visual Pollution?

A

Visual Pollution is an aesthetic issue and refers to the impact of pollution that impairs people`s ability to enjoy natural and human-made landscapes, vistas or views.

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5
Q

What are three causes of light pollution?

A

Three causes of light pollution are 1) Light shining upwards and reflecting of clouds and molecules in the atmosphere creating sky glow. 2) Glare, bright light in your field of vision will narrow your iris for eye protection, reducing what you can see. 3) Reflection of light of surfaces. More from light coloured surfaces.

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6
Q

ALAN is a term connected to light, what is ALAN?

A

ALAN is artificial light at night. Humans circadian rhythm is based on natural daylight and when we have increased ALAN it disrupts our natural rhythm.

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7
Q

SAD is a term connected to light, what is SAD?

A

SAD is Seasonal Affective Disorder, which is a type of depression caused by lack of daylight and cloud cover. Especially prevalent in winter time with limited daylight.

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8
Q

What is odour pollution?

A

Odour pollution is odours which interferes with health, welfare, convenience, comfort and amenity of any person.

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9
Q

What are odours?

A

Odours are gaseous chemicals which stimulate a sense of smell.

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10
Q

What is Anosmia?

A

Anosmia is the inability to smell certain odours.

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11
Q

What is Hyposmia?

A

Hyposmia is reduced sense of smell.

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12
Q

What is Hyperosmia?

A

Hyperosmia is increased sense of smell.

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13
Q

What is Parosmia?

A

Parosmia is change in normal perception of smell.

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14
Q

What is Phantosmia?

A

Phantosmia is smelling an odour which is not present.

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15
Q

What is ODT in relation to odour pollution?

A

ODT is Odour Detection Threshold, which is the smallest concentration of an odour that can be detected.

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16
Q

What is OIT in relation to odour pollution?

A

OIT is Odour Identification Threshold, which is the smallest concentration of an odour that can be recognised by human sense of smell.

17
Q

What is olfactory adaption?

A

Olfactory adaption is reversible reduction in the ability to smell specific odours. Repeated stimuli of an odour will result in reduced sense of smell of that odour.

18
Q

What are some impacts of odour pollution?

A

Impacts of odour pollution are headaches, nausea, vomiting, sore/irritated throat, runny nose and changed behaviour.

19
Q

Where are global dead spots located?

A

Global dead spots are located close to coasts or land.

20
Q

Where are oxygen minimum zones located?

A

Oxygen minimum zones are located in open oceans.

21
Q

What is the cause of dead zones?

A

Dead zones occur due to low oxygen concentration. Solubility of oxygen in water is affected by temperature ( increase T => low C), salinity (increased salinity => low C) and atmospheric pressure ( increased pressure => increased C).

22
Q

How are dead zones created?

A

If nitrogen rich material (fertilizers, urban runoff and sewage) is added to a lake/ocean microorganisms that feed on nitrogen will boom. When the organisms die, their decomposition will deplete the oxygen concentration, which in turn will lead to fish fleeing the area or die.