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NUR1114 nursing > week 1: assessment & management of musculoskeletal injuries > Flashcards

week 1: assessment & management of musculoskeletal injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

what 2 developmental considerations do you need to take into account for infants & children?

A

spinal curve changes

developmental dysplasia of hip

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2
Q

what 2 developmental considerations do you need to take into account for pregnant woman?

A

increased joint mobility

progressive lordosis

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3
Q

what 2 developmental considerations do you need to take into account for late adulthood?

A

osteoporosis

postural changes

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4
Q

apart from the general principles of subjective data what 2 things are specific to the MSK system?

A

GALS screening assessment

ADLs

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5
Q

what does the GALS screening assessment stand for?

A

gait, arms, legs & spine

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6
Q

what does ADLs (functional assessment) stand for?

A

activities of daily living

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7
Q

what 2 additional history data do you need for infants & children?

A 
labour trauma (resuscitation)
motor milestones
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8
Q

what 2 additional history data do you need for adolescents?

A

sport participation

special equipment/training

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9
Q

what 3 additional history data do you need for older adults?

A

changes/increasing in weakness
increase in falls/stumbling
walking aids

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10
Q

what is the order for the 3 components of a physical examination?

A

inspect
palpate
move

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11
Q

what is the order of the 4 aspects of a systemic approach to a physical examination?

A

head to toe
proximal to distal
compare corresponding paired joints
neurovascular assessment of upper & lower limbs

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12
Q

what 2 things do you take into account for a GALS screening assessment?

A

appearance

movement

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13
Q

during an MSK physical examination what is not normally palpable?

A

boggy synovial membrane

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14
Q

what is crepitation?

A

crunching or grating sound on movement

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15
Q

do you look for both active movement & passive motion during a physical examination of the MSK system?

A

yes

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16
Q

what do you look for during muscle testing during a physical examination?

A

equal bilateral strength & should resist opposing force

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17
Q

what 2 things do you test in movement & ROM?

A

without resistance

with resistance

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18
Q

when do you palpate the temporomandibular joint & what do you palpate?

A

as person opens mouth

muscles of mastication

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19
Q

what 3 things do you ask the patient to do to test motion & ROM with the temporomandibular joint?

A

open mouth maximally
protrude lower jaw
& move side to side

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20
Q

what do you inspect during a physical examination of the cervical spine?

A

alignment of head & neck

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21
Q

what 2 things do you palpate during a physical examination of the cervical spine?

A

spinous processes

muscles

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22
Q

what 4 things do you ask a patient to do to test motion & ROM of the cervical spine?

A

chin to chest
lift chin
each ear to shoulder
turn chin to each shoulder

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23
Q

what criteria do you use to rule out cervical spine fracture clinically, without need for x-ray?

A

NEXUS

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24
Q

what 5 things are do you check for in the NEXUS criteria?

A 
no:
focal neurologic deficit
midline spinal tenderness
altered level of consciousness
intoxication
distracting injury present
25
Q

what 2 things do you do in the case of a positive NEXUS criteria?

A

immobilise

apply c-spine collar

26
Q

how many health care workers are required for cervical spine immobilisation?

A

2

27
Q

what do you palpate during a physical examination of the shoulders?

A

shoulders

axilla

28
Q

what 4 things do you ask a patient to do to check motion & ROM during a physical examination of the shoulders?

A

arms forwards & up
arms behind back & hands up
arms to sides & up over head
touch hands behind head

29
Q

in what 2 positions do you inspect the elbow?

A

flexed

extended

30
Q

what 2 things do you ask a patient to do to check motion & ROM in the elbow?

A

bend & straighten elbow

pronate & supinate hand

31
Q

do you inspect joints in the wrist & hand on only the dorsal side?

A

no, dorsal & palmar sides

32
Q

what 5 actions do you ask the patient to do to check motion & ROM for the wrist & hand?

A 
bend hand up, down
bend fingers up, down
turn hands out, in
spread fingers, make fist
touch thumb to each finger
33
Q

what is this test called?

A

phalen’s test

34
Q

what is the phalen’s test used to detect?

A

numbness & burning in carpel tunnel syndrom

35
Q

what is the tinel’s sign for carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

percussion of the median nerve produces burning & tingling

36
Q

where do you use percussion to test the tinel’s sign?

A

median nerve (wrist)

37
Q

what does this test for?

A

tinel’s sign (burning & tingling)

38
Q

when do you inspect the hip?

A

as person stands

39
Q

what position should the patient be in when you palpate the hip?

A

supine

40
Q

what 5 actions do you ask the patient to do to check motion & ROM of the hip?

A 
raise leg
knee to chest
flex knee & hip; swing foot out, in
swing leg laterally, medially
stand & swing leg back
41
Q

what is 1 specific thing you should inspect during a physical examination of the knee?

A

atrophy of quadriceps muscle

42
Q

can you inspect the knee when it is extended or dangling?

A

yes

43
Q

what does the bulge sign test for in the knee?

A

swelling in suprapatellar notch

44
Q

what does the bulge sign in the knee confirm?

A

presence of fluid as you move fluid from one side of joint to the other .

45
Q

what does this test for?

A

the bulge sign

46
Q

when is ballottement of patella reliable?

A

large amounts of fluid present in knee

47
Q

what does ballottement of patella check for?

A

crepitus

48
Q

how do you do ballottement of patella?

A

holding hand on the patella while flexing & extending knee

49
Q

what is this?

A

ballottement of patella

50
Q

what 3 things do you ask the patient to do to check motion & ROM in the knee?

A

bend knee
extend knee
check knee during ambulation (walk around)

51
Q

which 3 ways do you inspect the ankle & foot?

A

sitting
standing
walking

52
Q

what 3 things do you ask a patient to do to check the motion & ROM of the ankle & foot?

A

point toes down, up
turn soles out, in
flex & straighten toes

53
Q

where do you inspect the spine from?

A

behind

side

54
Q

what 3 ways to you check the ROM for the spine?

A

flexion
extension
rotation

55
Q

what is another name for the lasegue’s test?

A

straight leg raising

56
Q

when is the lasegue’s test positive?

A

produces sciatic pain

57
Q

what does a positive lasegue’s test confirm?

A

presence of a herniated nucleus pulposis

58
Q

what does RICE(R) stand for?

A 
rest
ice
compression
elevation
referral
59
Q

when do you recommend RICE(R)?

A

fractures, dislocations & soft tissue injuries

NUR1114 nursing (1 decks)

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