Week 1 (Antepartum) Flashcards
Within the male reproductive system, the scrotum hold what and what does it contain?
Scrotum holds testes which contain seminiferous tubules(Where spermatogenesis occurs)
Where is Sperm maturation completed?
Epididymis
After the Epididymis, where does the sperm go?
Through the abdominal cavity and joins the ejaculatory duct
After the ejaculatory duct, what happens to the sperm?
it secretes from the seminal vesicles and passes into the urethra. then out of the body
Prostate glands and bulbourethral gland produce what?
Alkaline fluid as the sperm leaves the body.
In the female body, Where does fertilization occur?
Fertilization occurs in one of the fallopian tubes
Uterus is divided into 3 parts. Explain.
Fundus, body, and cervix
Explain the stages of fertilization
- Sperm Enter the egg
- Blastocyst is created
- Implantation of the blastocyst into uterine cavity (Day 5 or 6)
- Embryo (up to 8 weeks gestation)
- Fetus (9 weeks to birth)
What is a blastocyst?
Consist of the embryoblast in the inner cell and the trophoblast, which assist in implantation and will become apart of the placenta.
What is Organogenesis?
The formation and development of body organs.
With Fetal circulation, weeks 2-3 after conception, what happens?
Cardiovascular system develops
What happens in week 3?
fetal heart begins to beat
What is the ductus venosus?
Connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava.
What is the Foramen ovale?
Opening between the right and left atria
What is the ductus arteriosus?
Connects the pulmonary artery with descending aorta.
What is the placenta made from?
Maternal and fetal tissue
What is the Chorionic membrane when it comes to the placenta?
Develop from trophoblast and chorionic villi
The chorionic villi later form blood vessels for the fetus
What is the job of the placental membrane?
Prevents fetal and mom blood from mixing.
Allows for gas, nutrient, and electrolyte exchange.
Function of the placenta?
metabolic and gas exchange
Hormone production
How long does it take the placenta to be fully functional?
8-10 weeks
What is the embryonic membranes?
In consist of the amniotic and chorionic membranes which formed the amniotic sac that form around the fetus.
Helps protect the fetus from bacteria and stretches with the fetus as it grows.
In each trimester, how is the amniotic fluid produced?
1st- Amniotic membrane
2nd/3rd- Fetal kidneys
What is the function of amniotic fluid?
Cushions the fetus
Allows for fetal movements
Provide a consistent thermal environment
What does the Umbilical Cord consist of?
AVA
2 arteries and 1 vein
What is the umbilical Cord surrounded by what?
Surround by Wharton’s Jelly
What is important to do as a nurse after delivery?
Document the number of vessels
Prenatal care slide
What are the Presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Presumptive signs is all subjective signs
- No period (amenorrhea)
- N and V
- Breast changes
- Pee too much
- Quickening (Slight fluttering movements of the fetus. Between 16-20 weeks)
What are the Probable signs of pregnancy?
Probable signs are objective signs of pregnancy observed b HCP
- Chadwick’s sign
-Goodell signs
-Lab results - Hegar’s sign
What are the Positive signs of pregnancy?
Positive sign are objective signs that only lead to a fetus
- fetal Heart
- Observations of fetal movement
- Sonographic visualization
How to diagnosis Pregnancy?
based on signs
History and physical
Pelvic exam
Lab work
How long is each trimester?
1st- LMP (last mestural period) to 13 6/7 weeks
2nd- 14 weeks to 27 6/7 weeks
3rd- 28 weeks to 40 completed weeks
How is EDD calculated?
Nagele’s Rule:
-Obtain LMP
- Count back 3 months
- add 7 days
*watch for the year change
How to measure Gestational age?
Fundal Height +/- 2 weeks
How to measure Fundal Height
From the symphysis pubis to the top of the uterine fundus.
What is the GTPAL and what does each mean?
G-Gravida: how many times you been pregnant?
T-Term: how many pregnancies you have carry to 38-42 weeks
P- Preterm: How many pregnancies you have carry to 20-37.
A- Abortions: Delivery before 20 weeks- Induced (Abortion) or Spontaneous (miscarriage). Fetus weight less then 500g
L- Living: How many living kids
What happens during the Initial prenatal Visit?
Complete Health and risk assessment
GTPAL
Determine EDD
Nutrition assessment
Lab testing
What are some First Trimester education?
Discomforts and relief
Physical and psychosocial changes
Complications to report
Fetal growth
Exercise
Nutrition watchful
What are some common discomforts in pregnancy?
- N and V
- Breast tenderness
- UTIs
-Fatigue
During the 2nd Trimester, What happens during the visit
This happens every 4 weeks
- VS and weight and urine
- Fetal development ( Heart Rate and movement)
- Leopold’s maneuvers (See where the baby is)
What is second trimester Education?
Discomforts
Fetal Movements
Childbirth classes
Breastfeeding classes
Complications
What are 2nd/3rd Trimester Danger Signs?
Abdominal or pelvic pain
No fetal movement
Prolong N/V
Fever
Vaginal Bleeding
During the 3rd trimester, what happens during the visit?
Every 2-3 weeks until 36 weeks. Weekly after 36 weeks
- Chart Review
- Interval history
-Nutrition Screening - Pelvic exam
What is third Trimester Education?
Birth Plan
Labor pain Mangement
S/S preterm Labor
Labor Process
Infant care
Postpartum care
Fetal kicks
How much pounds do you gain during pregnancy?
25-35 Lbs
How much iron does a pregnant women need?
30 mg/day
What Factors influence Nutrition?
- N/V
- Culture/Religious Requirements
- History of eating disorders
Psychosocial Adaptations
What can a maternal Adaptation effected by?
- Acceptance of pregnancy
- Relationship with mother
-Personal beliefs - Relationship with partner
