Week 1 - Angiosperms, Roots, Stems, Leaves, Modifications, Monocots, Eudicots Flashcards
Angiosperms, Roots, Stems, Leaves, Modifications, Monocots, Eudicots
What are the features of monocots?
- one cotyledon
- flower parts in 3s
- leaf veins parallel
- blade like lamina
- fibrous shallow root system
- primary vascular bundles in stem are scattered
- true secondary growth is rare
What are the features of eudicots?
- two cotyledons
- flower parts in 4s or 5s
- leaf veins are reticulate (net like)
- lamina and petiole present
- tap root
- vascular bundels in ring
- has true secondary growth
What is the purpose of leaves?
- hold leaves in position for max sun and pollination
- photosynthesis
What are the types of leaves
- simple leaves ( may be deeply lobed)
- compound leaves ( pinnately (feather-like) or palmately (palmtree-like))
What are the parts of a leaf?
- lamina/ leaf blade (main leaf surface)
- veins (reticulte or parallel)
- midrib
- petiole
What are the parts of a stem?
nodes and internodes make up the stem
stems can be woody or herbaceous (non-woody)
Definition of a leaf
A laternal appendage on the stem in the axil from which there is a bud or auxillary shoot
How do shoots and roots grow?
Meristems: have non-differentiated tissue that can become specialised cells
Cell division occurs at the apical meristem in shoots and other meristems in roots. As the shoot grows the cells divide so that the top remains a meristem and the bottom differentiates.
At auxillary buds at the nodes, new meristems are formed to carry out secondary growth.
What is the role of roots?
- anchor the plant
- absorb water
- absorb nutrients
What are root hairs? What do they do?
Root hairs are epidermal extensions that increase SA to increase nutirent and water uptake
What are root nodules? What do they do?
Root nodules are regions of roots that have been infected with nitrogen fixing bacteria. They turn notrogen in the ground into a usable form. The bacteria have a symbiotic relationship with the root.
Definition of a root
No nodes or leaves
What are some stem modifications?
- Rhizomes (undergroud stems)
- Stolons (runners)
- Bulbs
- Corms (compressed and swollen underground stems)
- Fruiting spurs
- Fleshy stems (eg. salt marsh plants)
- Tubers (eg. potatos)
- tendrils (also leaf modifications)
What are some examples of monocots?
grasses, wheat, corn, rice, ginger, banana, pineapple, irises, and palms
What are some examples of eudicots?
eucalyptus, acacia, banksia, sunflowers, rose, most plants
What are some leaf modifications?
- Insecivourous plants
- Tendrils
- Spines
- Phyllodes (expanded petiole)
- Cladodes (small teeth like leaflets)
What are some root modifications?
- Prop / stilt roots
- Butress roots
- Epiphyte roots
- Adventitious roots
- Air roots / pneumatophores (mangroves)
What is the difference between thorns, spines and prickles?
- Thorns are a modified branch as they come out of the axil
- Prickles come out of the epidermis
- Spines are modified leafs in the place of leaves
Draw a diagram of a plant
Should include:
Stem, nodes, internodes, axil, auxilary bud, leaf, lamina/blade, mid rib, petiole, veins, sheath (if monocot), roots, tap root/adveitious roots, root hairs, where the flowers go, meristems, root cap,
