Week 1 - Anatomy & Physiology concepts

Question 1

Anatomy - what is it about?

Answer 1

Structures of the body - the what, where, who. What does it look like, where is it found, its name. How is it formed and where is it found.

Question 2

Physiology - what is it?

Answer 2

Functions of the body - the how, what and why. How the body works and explaining why it is necessary to maintain balance.

How the body works.

The processes involved in making the body as well as it does and explaining why it’s necessary to maintain balance.

Balance - key word/term - referring to maintaining homeostasis (in the body).

Question 3

What is Cytology?

Answer 3

The medical and scientific study of cells.

Question 4

Histology - what is it?

Answer 4

Studying tissues.

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Towards the midline of the body.

Question 6

What is a sub unit of a cell called?

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

How many parts is a human cell made of?

Answer 7

Three parts.

Question 8

What are the three parts that make up a human cell?

Answer 8

1. The plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleolus

Question 9

Greek meaning of Anatomy?

Answer 9

To cut apart.

Question 10

Palpation meaning?

Answer 10

Feeling organs with your hands.

Question 11

Auscultation meaning?

Answer 11

Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope.

Question 12

States of matter

Answer 12

Matter exists in solid, liquid and gaseous states.

Question 13

Energy

Answer 13

The capacity to do work, or to put matter in motion.

Question 14

Kinetic energy

Answer 14

Kinetic energy is energy in action.

Question 15

Potential energy

Answer 15

Potential energy is energy stored, that is, inactive energy that has the potential, or capability, to do work but is not presently doing so.

Question 16

Nutrients

Answer 16

Carbohydrates, protein, fibre, fats, vitamins, minerals.

Question 17

How much of the air we breathe is oxygen?

Answer 17

The amount of air we inhale contains 21% of oxygen.

Question 18

How much of the air we breathe is carbon dioxide?

Answer 18

0.04% of carbon dioxide is in the air we inhale.

Question 19

How much of the air we breathe out contains oxygen?

Answer 19

16.4% of the air we breathe out contains oxygen.

Question 20

How much of the air we breathe out contains carbon dioxide?

Answer 20

The air we breathe out contains 4.4% of carbon dioxide.

Question 21

What percentage of oxygen is carried by red blood cells?

Answer 21

Only 1.5% of oxygen in the blood is dissolved directly into the blood itself.

Question 22

How much does water account for in our bodies?

Answer 22

Water is the most abundant chemical substance in our body and accounts for 50-60% of our body weight.

Question 23

What is the range for a normal body temperature in humans?

Answer 23

Temperature is generally normal when it ranges between 36.1 to 37.2 C.

Note: Temperatures taken at the axilla (underarm) may be a fraction lower than those taken orally; rectal temperature readings may be slightly higher than oral readings.

Question 24

Atmospheric pressure, what is it?

Answer 24

Force that air exerts on body surface. High altitude = thinner air and gaseous exchange more difficult and can be inadequate.

Question 25

Most atoms have three parts, what are they?

Answer 25

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 26

Dense meaning?

Answer 26

Closely compacted in substance.

Question 26

Dense meaning?

Answer 26

Closely compacted in substance.

Question 27

Where is the most dense area of an atom?

Answer 27

The nucleus - it is the dense, small and positively charged centre of the atom, which is comprised of protons and neutrons.

Question 28

What is a charged atom called?

Answer 28

A charged atom is called an Ion.

Question 29

Why does DNA need to replicate?

Answer 29

DNA replicates itself and makes copies of itself to allow cells to divide and grow or produce for a living organism.

Promote continuous growth to the body and help repair damaged cells.

Question 30

Define the term tissue

Answer 30

Tissues are a group of cells arranged in such a way to carry out a specific function.

Question 31

Name the four types of tissues in the human body?

Answer 31

1. Epithelial tissue.
2. Connective tissue.
3. Muscle tissue.
4. Nervous tissue.

Question 32

When different tissue types combine and specialised cells are present, what do we call this level of organisation?

Answer 32

Organ (think of this word as organisation!)

E.g. organs such as the liver, kidney, lungs, etc are incredibly organised to carry out their function.

Question 33

Epithelial tissue - what is it?

Answer 33

Also know as Epithelium, us a group of cells joined together and lining or covering body structures.

For example Epithelium tissues lines all tubes within the body and covers all organs of the body i.e. the skin.

Question 34

Which type of epithelial tissue would be best suited for protection from abrasive forces?

Answer 34

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 35

What are the four main types of connective tissue?

Answer 35

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone and blood.

Question 36

What type of epithelial tissue is the epidermis?

Answer 36

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 37

Peri meaning

Answer 37

Peri means around the perimeter.

Question 38

Why is cartilage important?

Answer 38

You can have movement at joints without friction.

Question 39

Three types of cartilage in the body?

Answer 39

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 40

What does the term articulation mean?

Answer 40

A fixed or moveable joint between two bones.

Question 41

Diffusion meaning?

Answer 41

High concentration to low concentration.

Whatever substance or nutrient moves from high to low. Things spread out - thinner air.

Cells need to be nurtured to cross over.

Hovering in a helicopter above a town, bigger streets and smaller streets….road structure is vascular and houses are cells. Couldn’t get to your driveway and have to park away from house.

Cartilage cannot get too thick because diffusion would not be efficient enough.