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Vestibular > Week 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Vestibular System > Flashcards

Week 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Vestibular System Flashcards

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Preparativo Vestibular e ENEM flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the vestibular system?

A
  1. Position and perceiving self-motion
  2. Sensory orientation
  3. Postural responses
  4. Stabilizing the head
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2
Q

Head movements are detected by the _______ and transmitted via the _______ to the _______, which then controls ________ to ________.

A 
Cupula
Vestibular nerve
Brain
Eye movements
Stabilize gaize
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3
Q

What should the ratio of eye to head movement (GAIN) be? What does abnormal gain cause?

A

1:1

Blurry vision or vertigo

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4
Q

What does the Vestibuo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) do?

A

Stabilizes eye in space, necessary to see while head is in motion

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5
Q

What are the 2 components of VOR?

A

Linear and angular

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6
Q

What does the Vestibulo-Spinal Reflex (VSR) do?

A

Stabilizes body, helps maintain desired orientation to environment

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7
Q

What does the Cervico-Ocular Reflex (COR) do?

A

weak, does not play a direct role in gaze stability, may help VOR compensate via proprioceptors and somatosensory receptors

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8
Q

Where do the propriocecptors and somatosensory receptors for the COR arise?

A

C1-C2 dorsal nerve roots

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9
Q

What does the Cervicocollic Reflex (CCR) do?

A

provides head stability, contraction of stretched muscles to align head

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10
Q

What does the Cervicospinal Reflex (CSR) do?

A

acts in conjunction with the VSR, provides postural stability through the limb activation

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11
Q

What are the three axes of rotation?

A

roll, pitch, yaw

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12
Q

What are the three axes of translation?

A

AP, Lateral, Vertical

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13
Q

______ are angular rate sensors.

A

Semicircular Canals

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14
Q

______ are linear accelerometers

A

Otoliths (Utricle and Saccule)

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15
Q

What are the functions of the peripheral vestibular system?

A

Stabilization of visual images on the fovea of the retina during head movement to allow clear vision, maintain postural stability- especially during head movement, provide information used for spatial orientation

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16
Q

What are the components of the peripheral vestibular system?

A

Semicircular canals, utricle, saccule, CN VII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

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17
Q

What are the orientations of the semicircular canals?

A

Anterior, Posterior, Horizontal

18
Q

What is the bony labyrinth composed of?

A

3 semicircular canals, the cochlea, and the vestibule

19
Q

What is the bony labyrinth filled with?

A

perilymphatic fluid

20
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth?

A

suspended in the bony section and contains portions of the canals and the utricle and saccule.

21
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

A

endolymphatic fluid

22
Q

What are the motion sensors?

A

Ampulla and Otolith Organ

23
Q

What are cupula?

A

hair cells

24
Q

What do cupula do?

A

convert displacement into neuro firing thru bending of hair cells to detect linear/angular motion

25
Q

What contains the otoconia?

A

utricle and saccule

26
Q

What are otoconia made out of?

A

calcium carbonate

27
Q

What do shifts in the otoconia cause?

A

set off neuro firing detecting gravity and acceleration

28
Q

Hair cells protrude their processes into a gelatinous matrix called ______.

A

macula

29
Q

The firing rate of the otoconia is ______ for ipsilateral linear head movement or tilt.

A

Increased

30
Q

The firing rate of the otoconia is ______ for contralateral linear head movement or tilt.

A

Decreased

31
Q

________ measure linear acceleration and lateral tilt

A

Otoliths

32
Q

What are the 2 targets for vestibular input?

A

vestibular nuclear complex and the cerebellum

33
Q

_______ is the main adaptive processor.

A

cerebellum

34
Q

_______ is the “back up” system for the adaptation of the gain of the VOR

A

cerebellum

35
Q

What is the main supplier of both the peripheral and central vestibular systems?

A

vertebrobasilar artery

36
Q

Occlusion of which arteries causes clinical syndromes with vestibular components?

A

basilar, labyrinthine, AICA, PICA

37
Q

Why are cerebella strokes the most commonly missed?

A

symptoms may mimic vertigo

38
Q

Only ____ sec of ischemia can cause permanent damage

A

15

39
Q

maintains gaze direction of the eyes and visual acuity during activities involving active head and body movements

A

gaze stabilization system

40
Q

keeps body in balance while an individual stands and actively moves in daily life

A

postural stabilization system

Vestibular (2 decks)

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