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The human Body Year 1 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structure (morphology) and how these structures are organised

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of function and how they work

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3
Q

Why are anatomy and physiology closely related?

A

The functional role of something can be based on how it was constructed

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4
Q

What do anatomists rely on ?

A

observation and dissections

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5
Q

what do physiologists rely on ?

A

Experimentation

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6
Q

What does it mean by characteristics of life?

A

The fundamental characteristics that are shared by all organisms

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7
Q

List the characteristics of life?

A

Movement, respiration, reproduction, growth, responsiveness, digestion

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8
Q

Movement

A

Change in position of the body

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9
Q

responsiveness

A

Reaction to internal and external change

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10
Q

growth

A

increase in size without change in shape

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11
Q

reproduction

A

new organisms or cells

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12
Q

respiration

A

use of oxygen to remove carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of food into simpler forms

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions in ta cell

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15
Q

differentiation

A

the process by which unspecialised cell become specialised

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16
Q

environmental factors required by an organism in order to survive

A

water , food

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17
Q

List the functions of water

A

Most abundant chemical, required for metabolic processes, transport medium, maintenance of homeostasis, makes up compartments

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18
Q

List of food functions

A

nutrients, energy for growth and repair, regulation of chemical reactions

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19
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid found within the cell

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20
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid found outside cells like tissue fluid and blood plasma

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21
Q

Homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a stable internal environment

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22
Q

difference between extracellular and interstitial fluid

A

Extracellular fluid has two primary constituents: the fluid component blood (called plasma). interstitial fluid that surrounds all cells not in the blood.

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23
Q

Requirements of Organisms for Life

A

oxygen, heat, pressure

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24
Q

function of oxygen

A

releases energy from food

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25
function of heat
form of energy made by reactions. helps maintain an environment for chemical reactions
26
function of pressure
pressure required for movement whether hydrostatic or atmospheric
27
How is homeostasis regulated?
receptors monitor, set values/ control centre, effectors respond to changes
28
two feedback systems that regulate homeostasis
positive and negative
29
negative feedback
Any deviation from a set point is corrected
30
Positive feedback
deviation in a variable from its set point moves conditions away from the normal state
31
Are positive feedback systems unstable or stable?
unstable
32
example of positive feedback
the concentration of oxytocin during childbirth or blood clotting
33
what is the anatomical position?
arms at the sides and the palms forward
34
3 major planes
frontal, transverse, sagital
35
frontal/ coronal plane
anterior and posterior
36
transverse/ horizontal
superior and inferior
37
sagital/ medial
left and right/ lateral- medial
38
proximal
nearer to the body
39
distal
is further away from the body
40
two types of cavities
dorsal and ventral
41
dorsal cavities
cranial and spinal
42
ventral cavity
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
43
cranial cavities
oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear cavities
44
axial portion
head, neck and trunk
45
appendicular cavity
upper and lower limbs
46
what separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm
47
mediastinum
forms a boundary between the left and right side of the thoracic cavity
48
parietal
membrane attached to the wall of the cavity
49
visceral
membrane that lines or covers an organ
50
abdominoplevic cavity membranes
peritoneal membranes
51
microscopic anatomy
histology
52
macroscopic anatomy
body parts
53
organ system
a group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function
54
Body System that Provides the Body Covering
integumentary system
55
what does the integumentary system consist of?
hair, skin, nails, glands
56
functions of integumentary system
protects underlying tissues, helps regulate body temperature, receptors and secretions
57
Body Systems that Provide Support and Movement
muscular and skeletal system
58
what does the Skeletal system consist of?
bones, ligaments and cartilages
59
functions of the skeletal system
Supports, protects, provides frameworks, stores inorganic salts, and houses tissues that produce blood cells
60
what does the muscular system consist of?
muscles
61
function of the muscular system
body movement and posture, and is major source of body heat
62
Body Systems that Provide Integration & Coordination
nervous, endocrine system
63
what does the nervous system consist of?
the brain, spinal cord sense organs, nerves
64
how does nerves communicate with effector muscles?
neurotranmitters
65
what does the endocrine system consist of?
glands and hormones that they secrete. hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, and thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes
66
what is faster neurotransmitters or hormones
neurotransmitters
67
Body Systems that Provide Transport of Substances through the Body
cardiovascular and lymphatic system
68
what does the cardiovascular system consist of?
heart, blood vessels, and the blood
69
function of the cardiovascular system
provides oxygen, nutrients, and hormones while removing wastes from the cells
70
what does the lymphatic system consist of
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and lymph (fluid)
71
function of the lymphatic system
Drains excess tissue fluid and returns it to the blood
72
lymphocytes
cells of immunity
73
Body Systems that Provide Absorption and Excretion
respiratory system, digestive, urinary
74
what does the digestive system consist of?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs
75
function of the digestive system
break down food, absorbing nutrients
76
what does the respiratory system consist of?
lungs and air passageways
77
function of the respiratory system?
exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air
78
what does the urinary system consist of?
the kidneys ureters, bladder, and urethra
79
function of the urinary system
Removes wastes from the blood and helps to maintain water and electrolyte balance
80
Body Systems that Provide Reproduction
male and female
81
what does the male reproductive system consist of?
testes, scrotum, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, urethra
82
function of the male reproductive system
Produce and maintain sperm, and conduct them to the female | reproductive tract
83
what does the female reproductive system consist of ?
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva
84
function of the female reproductive system
Produces female sex cells (egg cells or oocytes) | Houses the developing offspring and functions in birth
85
ipsilateral
structures on the same side
86
contralateral
structures on the opposite side
87
superficial
closer to the surface
88
deep
more internal parts
89
how many regions are the abdominopelvic area divided into
9
90
abdominoplevic regions
epigastric (upper middle), right and left hypochondriac regions, umbilical region, right and left lateral (lumbar) regions, pubic (hypogastric)- lower middle, right and left inguinal regions - each side of the pubic region
91
cardiology
Study of heart
92
cytology
Study of structure, function and abnormalities
93
dermatology
Study of skin
94
endocrinology
Study of hormones
95
epidemiology
Study of distribution and frequency of health related conditions
96
gastroenterology
Study of stomach and intestines
97
geriatrics
Study of old people
98
gerontology
Study of ageing process
99
gynecology
Study of female reproductive system
100
hematology
Study of blood
101
histology
Study of structure and function of tissues
102
immunology
Study of resistance to disease
103
neonatology
Study of newborns
104
nephrology
Study of kidneys
105
neurology
Study of nervous system
106
obstetrics
Study of pregnancy and childbirth
107
oncology
Study of cancer
108
ophthalmology
Study of the eye
109
orthopedics
Study of muscular and skeletal system problems
110
otolaryngology
Study of throat, larynx, ear
111
pathology
Study of structure and function of diseases
112
paediatrics
Study of children and diseases
113
pharmacology
Study of drugs and treatment
114
podiatry
Study of feet
115
psychiatry
Study of mind and disorders
116
radiology
Study of x-rays and radioactive substances
117
toxicology
Study of poisonous substances and their effects
118
urology
Study of urinary systems and the male reproductive system apart from kidneys

The human Body Year 1 (1 decks)

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