week 1

Question 1

legitimacy short meaning

Answer 1

Rightfullness

Question 2

Legitimicy long explanation

Answer 2

An authority viewed as legitimate often has the right and justification to exercise power.
A more philosophical view on legitimacy states that legitimacy is the fact that people give a government their power because they believe in the appropriate use of power.
In todays political debate however there is no more question of why people should obey the state but why they do so? This can be explained with the 3 different types of legitimacy:
- Charismatic legitimacy (power of personality)
- Traditional legitimacy (based on history and customs)
- Rational-legal legitimacy(respect for formal and legal rules)
Legitimacy Guarantees that government is respected in comparison to legality.

Question 3

legitimicy example

Answer 3

Democracy, where government is chosen by its people and the people therefore see the government as an extend of their vote.

Question 4

politics short explaination

Answer 4

the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.

Question 5

politics long explainaition

Answer 5

politics is about

• conflict and cooperation
• finding a solution for all
• state bound
• managing communities affairs
• distribution of resources
• power and achieveing a desired outcome through whaterver means. (marx)

some see it as a nessesary evel while others see it as opression and injustice

Question 6

politics example

Answer 6

democracy

Question 7

state short meaning

Answer 7

a political association
with sovereign jurisdiction
within defined territorial borders
exercises authority with set of permanent institutions.

Question 8

state long meaning

Answer 8

• The state exercises sovereignty (absolute and unrestricted power)
• State institutions are recognizable ‘public’ in contrast to the private institutions.
• The state is an exercise in legitimation its decisions are usually accepted as being binding on its citizens, because it is claimed, it reflects the permanent interests of society.
• The state is an instrument in domination. It possesses the coercive power to ensure that its laws are obeyed and that transgressors are punished.
• The state is a territorial association it exercises jurisdiction within geographically defined borders.

Question 9

state example

Answer 9

• Development state: a state that operate through a close relationship between the state and major economic interests.

Question 10

sovereignty short

Answer 10

the principle of absolute and unlimited power

Question 11

sovereignty long

Answer 11

Legal sovereignty: supreme legal authority as an unchallengeable right to demand complicnace as defined by law.
Political sovereignty: unlimited political power that is the ability to command obedience which is typically ensured by a monopoly of coercive force.
External sovereignty: a states place in the international order and sits capacity to act as an independent and autonomous entity.
Internal sovereignty is the notion of a supreme power/authority within the state located in the body that makes decisions that are binding on all citizens.
External sovereignty is very important as there are a lot of cases about that nowdays
In the 1500 sovereignty was used as a justification for absolute power.

Question 12

sovereignty example

Answer 12

the power of a king to rule his people

Question 13

Monopoly of legitimate violence short

Answer 13

he state is the “only human Gemeinschaft which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimated use of physical force

Question 14

Monopoly of legitimate violence long

Answer 14

the state has the only right to act with physical violence. according to max weber this makes for one of the charachteristics of a sovereign state. weber does say that a certain power needs to move through a proces of legitimacy. violence monopoly is used to make sure a society cna exist as one could never do so without the threat or use of violence to optain rules and regulations.

Question 15

Monopoly of legitimate violence example

Answer 15

the police

Question 16

collective goods short

Answer 16

items and resourcses that benefit everyone, and from which people cannot be excluded

Question 17

collective goods short

Answer 17

items and resourcses that benefit everyone, and from which people cannot be excluded

Question 18

collective goods long

Answer 18

items and resourcses that benefit everyone, and from which people cannot be excluded. the principle of collective goods lies in that there is no gain or loss for people who dont get these services. noboyd benifits from it on expense of somebody else.

Question 19

collective goods example

Answer 19

Dikes,

Question 20

unitary states, federal states long

Answer 20

Unitary states: most power to national level, little regional authority
Federal states: significant power given to regional states by constitution.
Important because the devide in the world between these forms of government is very large.

Question 21

Unitary states federal states example

Answer 21

The netherlands 1 government

Germany Bundeslanden Government

Question 22

Strong vs weak states short

Answer 22

the strength of a state dependent on several notions

Question 23

Strong vs weak states long

Answer 23

the strength of a state dependent on several notions
Size
- Geographical spread, population
Strength of the economy
- Germany vs Slovenia
Military might
- USA vs Iraq
Robustness of state institutions
- Extent to which they can withstand pressure from society and they can effectively implement decisions Russia vs USA
Legitimacy
- Right to rule, consent to rule on the part of the people. Ex lack of legitimacy communists regimes in EU and Ussr.

Question 24

traditional short

Answer 24

refers ot ideas, practices or institutions that have endured through time and have therefore been inherited from an earlier period.

Question 25

traditional long

Answer 25

Stands for the absence of change
- Progress=movement forward
- Reaction=moving backwords
- Tradition=staying
Tradition gives people a sense of who they are.
Tradition might be bad as it pins the present generation to the past and denies the possibility of progress.

Question 26

tradition example

Answer 26

Turkey on thanksgiving

Question 27

power Short

Answer 27

the ability to achieve a certain outcome from people that they would by themselves does not do.

Question 28

power long

Answer 28

sometimes referred to as the power to do something this notion of power includes everything from the ability to keep oneself alive to the ability of government to promote economic growth. In political analysis power is thought of as a relationship. The ability to influence the behaviour of others. Power exists when a gets b to do something that b would never have done himself.
Power is distinguished from authority on the grounds that the former is based on the ability to influence others. Whereas the latter involves the right to do so. There are 3 faces:
- The stick (force or intimidation)
- The deal (mutual gain)
- The kiss (obligations loyalty and commitment)

Question 29

power example

Answer 29

The authority that a local government must collect taxes.

Question 30

Democracy short

Answer 30

rule by the demos or people (while the Greek originally meant the many/poor) the power resided in the hands of the people.

Question 31

democracy long

Answer 31

Long: democracy may best be government of the people for the people and by the people.
Three important features
- government of the people implies political equality, an equal distribution of political power and influence.
- Government by the people emphasizes the importance of popular participation
- Government for the people highlights the fact that democracy suggests ruling in the public interest.
Democracy must have:
- Participation in elections
- Competition (several political parties)
- Freedom (basic civil and political rights)
- Rule of law (everyone is subject to the laws of the state)
Narrow vs Broad
- Narrow=idea that people hold power and exercise this power through some sort of democratic institutions (elections) Russia, Cuba are than democratic.
- Broad= A democracy requires democratic norms are imbedded see above.

Question 32

direct democracy short

Answer 32

Based on the direct unmediated and continuous participation of citizens in the tasks of government. (ancient Greeks mass meetings and in swiss gatherings of provinces and a referendum)

Question 33

representative democracy short

Answer 33

Short: limited and indirect form of democracy. The people chose representatives who in their place make decisions for them. We have elected officials who represent us. If we like their decisions, we elect them again if not than not.

Question 34

representative democracy example

Answer 34

Example is the Netherlands we make little use of referenda.

Question 35

Pluralism short

Answer 35

a belief in or a commitment to, diversity or multiplicity- the existence of many things. In a society this means having politics, church, businesses, and the law which each have their own interests preserving a certain balance of power.

Question 36

Pluralism long

Answer 36

• political pluralism: denotes the existence of electoral choice and a competitive party system.
• Moral pluralism refers to a multiplicity of ethical values
• Cultural pluralism suggests a diversity of lifestyles and cultural norms.
• Classical pluralism holds that power is widely and evenly dispersed in society, rather than concentrated in the hands of an elite or a ruling class.
• Reformed pluralism/neo pluralism has revised classical pluralism in that it acknowledges that the distribution of power in modern societies is imperfect, elite, and privileged interests persisting within a broader context of group competition.

Question 37

Pluralism example

Answer 37

A company hears both its managers and the workers parties’ arguments on wages. Example is also Netherlands

Question 38

Elitism short

Answer 38

A minority in whose hands power, wealth or privilege is concentrated, justifiably or otherwise

Question 39

elitism long

Answer 39

Rule by an elite or minority. At least three forms can exist
- Normative elitism: political theory which suggests that elite rule is desirable, usually on the grounds that power should be vested in the hands of a wise or enlightened minority. This implies that democracy is undesirable.
- Classical elitism: claimed to be empirical and saw elite rule as being inevitable, an unchangeable fact of social existence. This implies that egalitarian ideas such as democrats and socialism are impossible.
- Modern elitism: has also developed an empirical analysis, but it is more critical and discriminating regarding the causes of elite rule. Usually linking these to economic and political structures.
- Pluralist elitism is a development that states that due to the fights within the elite the non-elite can get their voice in.
Modern elitism offers an important critique on pluralism and democracy. Joseph Schumpeter said that elections can decide which elite wins they cannot change that it will be an elite.

Question 40

example eliteism

Answer 40

France difficult to enter government without a proper education

Question 41

Liberal Democracy short

Answer 41

A form of democratic rule that balance the principle of limited government against the ideal of popular consent.

Question 42

liberal democracy long

Answer 42

Liberal democracy is based around a series of checks on the government to ensure liberty and afford citizens protection against the state.
Individual liberty is emphasized. As little state as possible. Only so much power that is necessary.
Core features are:
- Constitutional government based on formal usually legal rules
- Guaranteed civil liberties and individual rights
- Institutional fragmentation and a system of checks and balances
- Regular elections respecting the principles of universal suffrage and one person one vote
- Political pluralism in the form of electoral choice and party competition
- A healthy civil society in which organized groups and interests enjoy independence from government.
- A capitalist or private enterprise economy organized along market lines.

Question 43

liberal democracy example

Answer 43

US