Week 1 Flashcards

Question

What is SaaS

Answer 1

you manage your files, while the service provider takes care of all of the data centers, servers, networks, storage, maintenance, patching, etc. All you worry about is the software and how you want to use it. You are provided with a complete product that is run and managed by the service provider. Facebook and Dropbox are examples of SaaS. You manage your Facebook contacts and Dropbox files, and the service providers manage the systems.

Answer 2

"All-In" Cloud hybrid private

Answer 3

"All-In" Cloud is a cloud-based application that is fully deployed in the cloud, and all parts of the application run in the cloud. Applications in the cloud have either been created in the cloud or have been migrated from an existing infrastructure. Cloud-based applications can be built on low-level infrastructure pieces (for example, networking, compute or storage) or can use higher-level services that provide abstraction from the management, architecting, and scaling requirements of core infrastructure.

Answer 4

A hybrid deployment is a way to connect infrastructure and applications between cloud-based resources and existing resources that are not located in the cloud. The most common method of hybrid deployment is between the cloud and existing on-premises infrastructure (sometimes called on-prem). On-premises infrastructure is located within the physical confines of an enterprise, often in the company's data center. A hybrid deployment model is used to extend an organization's infrastructure into the cloud while connecting cloud resources to an internal system.

Answer 5

When you run a cloud infrastructure from your own data center, that’s called on-premises or private cloud. While this kind of deployment lacks many of the benefits of cloud computing, it does provide dedicated resources and is a popular choice for organizations who need to meet certain compliance standards. In most cases, this deployment model is the same as legacy IT infrastructure while using application management and virtualization to increase resource utilization.

Answer 6

``` No upfront investment Low ongoing costs Focus on innovation Flexible capacity Speed and agility Global reach on demand ```

Answer 7

``` Large initial purchase Labor, patches, and upgrade cycles Systems administration Fixed capacity Long procurement cycle and setup Limited geographic regions ```

Answer 8

* Application Hosting for an on-demand infrastructure to host internal or SaaS applications. * Backup and Storage to store data and build dependable backup solutions. * Content Delivery to distribute content worldwide, with high data transfer speeds. * Host static and dynamic websites. * Enterprise IT to host internal- or external-facing IT applications in AWS's secure environment. * Use a variety of scalable database solutions, from hosted enterprise database software to non-relational database solutions.

Answer 9

Security: Firewalls ACL Administrator Networking: Router Network Pipeline Switch Servers: On Premises Server ``` Storage and Db: DAS SAN NAS RDBMS ```

Answer 10

Security: Security Groups Network Access Control List Identity Access Management Networking: Elastic Load Balancing Amazon VPC Servers: Amazon Machine Image Amazon EC2 Instance ``` Storage and Db: Elastic Block Store Elastic File System Amazon S3 Amazon RDS ```

Answer 11

High availability refers to a resource that is accessible when you attempt to access it. For example, if every time you go to the ATM to make a withdrawal it works as expected the ATM is highly available; however, if you go to use it and there is a sign on the front that says “Out of Order”, it is not highly available.

Answer 12

Fault tolerance is the ability to withstand a certain amount of failure and still remain functional. It also refers to the ability of a system to be self-healing and return to full capacity despite a failure. It is the ability of a system to fail in some way but still remain functional.

Answer 13

Scalability is the ability to easily grow in size, capacity, and/or scope when required particularly in response to demand. If something cannot quickly grow in an easy manner it is not scalable.

Answer 14

Elasticity is the ability to not only grow (or scale) when required, but also to reduce or contract in size as needed. A system that is elastic can scale to grow as needed usually based on demand and contract as demand decreases.

Answer 15

Funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property, industrial buildings, or equipment.

Answer 16

A variable expense is an expense that is easily altered or avoided by the person bearing the cost. By using the cloud, businesses won’t have to invest money into data centers and servers, and can pay for only what they use in a pay-as-you-go fashion. This lets businesses save money on technology and enables them to adapt to new applications with as much space as needed in minutes, rather than weeks or days. Maintenance is reduced so the business can spend more time focusing on the core goals of the business.

Answer 17

Trade capital expense for variable expense. Benefit from massive economies of scale. Eliminate guessing on your capacity needs. Increase speed and agility. Stop spending money to run and maintain data centers. Go global in minutes.

Answer 18

A web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the internet and uses a standardized format (XML or JSON) for the request and the response of an API interaction.

Answer 19

You can access them in any of three ways: using the AWS Management Console, the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), and via Software Development Kits (SDKs).

Answer 20

A network is a graph, or a collection of points connected by lines

Answer 21

Points are referred to as nodes, actors (social setting) , or vertices (plural of vertex)

Answer 22

A directed edge is sometimes called an arc

Answer 23

Neighborhood

Answer 24

the degree of the node (the size of its neighborhood)

Answer 25

Theorem 1. The summation of degrees in an undirected graph is twice the number of edge 2|𝐸| 𝑖

Answer 26

Lemma 1. In any directed graph, the summation of in-degrees is equal to the summation of out- degrees:

Answer 27

degree probability 𝒑𝒅 | 𝑝𝑑 =𝑃(𝑑𝑖 =𝑑) = 𝑛𝑑 / 𝑛

Answer 28

Does not lose information Can be manipulated by computers Can have mathematical methods applied easily

Answer 29

Social networks have very sparse Adjacency matrices

Answer 30

The list is usually sorted based on the node order | or other

Answer 31

In this representation, each element is an edge and is usually represented as (𝑢, 𝑣), denoting that node u is connected to node v via an edge (v1, v2) (v2, v3) (v2, v4) ....

Answer 32

A null graph is one where the node set is empty. (No nodes)

Answer 33

An empty graph or edge-less graph is one where the edge set is empty, 𝐸 = ∅

Answer 34

False, A null-graph is an empty graph.

Answer 35

False, The adjacency matrix for undirected graphs is symmetric

Answer 36

True, The adjacency matrix for directed graphs is not symmetric

Answer 37

Simple graphs are graphs where only a single edge can be between any pair of nodes

Answer 38

Multigraphs are graphs where you can have multiple edges between two nodes and loops (self- links)

Answer 39

A webgraph is a way of representing how internet sites are connected on the web

Answer 40

``` directed multigraph (Two sites can have multiple links pointing to each other and can have loops (links pointing to themselves)) ```

Answer 41

signed graph

Answer 42

False, A graph is WEAKLY connected if there exists a path between any pair of nodes, without following the edge directions (If v5 connects to v6 even if its through other nodes it is strong)

Answer 43

undirected graphs

Answer 44

In a tree, there is exactly one path between any | pair of nodes hence A tree is a graph structure that has no cycle in it

Answer 45

A complete graph is a graph where for a set of nodes 𝑉, all possible edges exist in the graph In a complete graph, any pair of nodes are connected via an edge

Answer 46

Bipartite Graph is a graph where the node set can be partitioned into two sets such that, for all edges, one end-point is in one set.

Answer 47

Stack Structure | The algorithm can be used both for trees and graphs

Answer 48

Each Region is made up of two or more Availability Zones.

Answer 49

Centrality defines how important a node is within a network The degree centrality measure ranks nodes with more connections higher in terms of centrality

Answer 50

• Normalized by the maximum possible degree d / (n-1) • Normalized by the maximum degree d / (max d) • Normalized by the degree sum d/ 2E

Answer 51

Generalizes degree centrality by incorporating the importance of the neighbors (undirected)

Answer 52

We can divide the value of passed centrality by the number of outgoing links, i.e., out-degree of node Each connected neighbor gets a fraction of the source node’s centrality

Answer 53

Measures social distance from you to others Closeness in effect measures how fast you can spread info/epidemics to the rest of the network. In a non-weighted network, distance is the total number of links existing between two nodes (in the shortest path). In a weighted network, distance is a function of the link/edge weights along the shortest path between two nodes. For every node: 1 / (v1 to v2 + v1 to v3 + v1 to v4...) = 1 / (v2 to v1 + v2 to v3 + v2 to v4...) =

Answer 54

Measure of brokerage. For one community to pass info/epidemics to another, they must go through you. This makes you very important. Formula: c / (n-1)(n-2) for every node that pass through you