Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ACEM Anatomy > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal Arches

A

Also known as the aortic or branchial arches

  • Develop in the 4th week as a seris of mesodermal outpiouchings on both sides of the developing pharynx
  • 6 pairs
  • Develop into the face, jaw and pharynx
  • Nerve supply from cranial nerves, splanchnic mesoderm
  • Structurally similar to skeletal muslce but usually covered in mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tension Lines of Skin

A

Kraissl lines, relaxed skin tension lines
-Cuts parralel cause less scarring

Langers lines

  • Based on collagen orientation
  • Based of dissection of cadavers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline

  • Most common, weakest
  • Has perichondrium
  • Ribs, nose. larynx, trachea
  • Bone precursor

Fibro

  • Strongest, no perichondrium
  • Intervertebral discs, joint capsule, ligaments

Elastic

  • Maintains shape, has perichondrium
  • External ear, epiglottis, larymx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscle form type

A

Parrallel- Rectus abdominus

Unipennate- Tib posterior

Bipennate- (rectus femoris)

Multipennate- (Deltoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of Joints

A

Fibrous

  • Solid with no joint cavity
  • Bones bridged by fibres e.g. cranial sutures, syndesmosis

Cartilagenous
-Solid and no joint cavity
PRIMARY: Two bones bridged by hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plates of long bones)

SECONDARY: Bone/Hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage/Hyaline/Bone.

  • Always in midline ie intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
  • Allow some movement

Synovial

  • Joint cavity lined by synovial membrane
  • Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage (e.g knee, elbow, made for movement)
  • PLANE (facet joint)
  • Uni axial, bi axial or multi axial
  • Simple/compound/complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hilton’s Law

A

The nerve supplying a muscle that extends across or acts at a joint also innervates that joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stability of Joints

  • What factors maintain this
  • When is the joint most stable
A

Bony
-Congruity of articular surfaces

Ligamentous

  • Fibrous capsule (intrinsic)
  • Collaterals
  • Cruciates
  • Accessory (AC joint)

Muscular
-More important in mobile joints ie popliteus, rotator uff

Other
-Fibrocartilage, menisci, labrum

Maximum stability is at the “close packed position”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dermatomes/Axial lines

A

There is significant overlap between adjacent dermatomes that are CONSECUTIVE

  • Pain and temp more than touch
  • This is why dermatomal maps vary

Axial lines are the lines that separate adjacent dermatomes from NON-CONSECUTIVE spinal levels

  • E.g. L4 and S2 meet on the calf
  • They have no overlap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Myotome: Hip flexion

A

L2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myotome: Hip extension

A

L4/5, S1 (same as abduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myotome: Hip abduction

A

L4/5, S1 (same as extension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myotome: Hip adduction

A

L2/3/4 (hip flexion plus 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myotome: Knee flexion

A

L5, S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myotome: Knee extesion

A

(kick) L2/3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Myotome: Ankle dorsiflexion

A

(toe high) L4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Myotome: Plantar flexion

A

S1/2 (tippy toe)

17
Q

Myotome: Inversion

A

(toe inside) L4/5

18
Q

Myotome: Eversion

A

(weird one) L5, S1

19
Q

Myotome: Great toe ext

A

(Toe high plus one) L4/5, S1

20
Q

Myotome: Shoulder Abduction

A

C4/5/6

21
Q

Myotome: Elbow flexion

A

C5/6 (pick up sticks)

22
Q

Myotome: Elbow extension

A

C7/8 (lay them straight)

23
Q

Myotome: Wrist Flexion

A

C6/7/8

24
Q

Myotome: Wrist Extension

A

C6/7

25
Q

Myotome: Finger Abduction

A

C8 T1 (muscles of the hand)

26
Q

Myotome: Finger Adduction

A

T1 (come together as one)

27
Q

Myotome: Thumb Abduction

A

T1 (thumbs up)

28
Q

Reflexes: Knee (patella)

A

(Kick) L2/3/4

29
Q

Reflexes: Ankle (achilles)

A

S1/2 (tippy toe)

30
Q

Reflexes: Plantar

A

(5 tippy toes) L5 S1/2

31
Q

Reflexes: Triceps

A

C7/8 (lay them straight)

32
Q

Reflexes: Biceps

A

C5/6 (pick up sticks)

33
Q

Reflexes: Supinator (brachoradialis)

A

C5/6 (pick up sticks)

34
Q

Reflexes: Finger

A

C8 (before the thumb)

35
Q

Organisation of ANS

-Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic

A

Central/Peripheral
Somatic/Visceral
Symptathetic/Parasympathetic/Enteric

Sympathetic (Fight or flight)
-Short, pre-ganglionic neurons (acetylcholine) from Thoracolumbar cord at T1-L2–>
Postganglionic neurons (noradrenaline) to the rest of the body
-Adrenaline, dilate pupils, dilate bronchioles, ejaculation

Parasympathetic (Feed and Breed)
-Craniosacral outflow (CN III, VII, IX, X and S2-4)
-Direct Acetylcholine
Bradycardia, salivation, lacrimation, accomodation, miosis, erection

36
Q

Spinal Nerve Organisation

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Posterior nerve roots are sensory (afferent/arrive), anterior are motor (efferent/exit)
-Dorsal root ganglion has the body of afferent sensory nerves

Anterior and posterior nerve joint to form the spinal nerve

  • Dorsal rami smaller, sensory and motor nerves of the back
  • Ventral Rami larger, anterior.lateral
37
Q

Blood vessel types

A 
Arteries
-Endothelium, intima, media (muscle), adventitia
Arterioles
-Largest wall thickness to lumen ration
-Rapid drop in BP before capillaries
Capillaries
-Single layer of endothelium with basement membrane
Veins
-Same layers as artery
-Much less smooth muscle
-More elastic
38
Q

Lymphatics

A 
Accompany veins (in the dermis)
Drain to at least one LN before draining into a vein
Seperated into "watershed" regions, can flow vertical and horizontal
Anterior thorax, skin of glans penis and clitoris drain direct to deep LN
39
Q

Fascia

A

Separating layers of collagen fiber e.g Deep fascia, retinaculum, septa

  • Superfical fascia is loose
  • Deep fascia is dense, non-elastic and gives attachement site for muscles

Vessels and nerves can pierce fixed fascia
-Will not pierce mobile fascia planes (two parralel sheets) as can kink

ACEM Anatomy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions