Week 1

Question 1

When did sociology as a modern discipline emerge?

Answer 1

During the late 18th and 19th century

Question 2

Why did sociology emerge in the late 18th and 19th century?

Answer 2

As a result of social transformations:

First in France and then in other European countries, particularly Britain and Germany

Question 3

All sciences are shaped by the _____ _____ from which they emerge

Answer 3

All sciences are shaped by the SOCIAL CONTEXT from which they emerge

Question 4

What are four main categories of changes that led to the emergence of sociology as a modern discipline?

Answer 4

1) Political Upheavals
2) Economic Changes
3) Social Transformations
4) Scientific innovations

Question 5

POLITICAL UPHEAVALS: What belief did the enlightenment bring about?

Answer 5

Human beings can comprehend and control the universe around them through reason and empirical research

Question 6

POLITICAL UPHEAVALS: What did the American and French revolutions challenge?

Answer 6

The existing social order as God-given order

Question 7

POLITICAL UPHEAVALS: Social and political hierarchies are social _____

Answer 7

Social and political hierarchies are social ARRANGEMENTS

Question 8

POLITICAL UPHEAVALS: When did modern democratic forms of government emerge?

Answer 8

18th century

Question 9

ECONOMIC CHANGES: Great technological advances led to the _____ _____

Answer 9

Great technological advances led to the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Question 10

ECONOMIC CHANGES: What changed about the economic system?

Answer 10

Agrarian to capitalist society

Question 11

ECONOMIC CHANGES: Introduction of industrial machinery transformed _____ and _____

Answer 11

Introduction of industrial machinery transformed PRODUCTION and LABOUR

Question 12

ECONOMIC CHANGES: What four main concepts/practices emerged?

Answer 12

1) Capitalism
2) Wage labour
3) Culture of competition
4) Social mobility

Question 13

ECONOMIC CHANGES: What fuelled much of this economic development?

Answer 13

Colonialism

Question 14

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS: What three main social transformations occurred?

Answer 14

1) Urbanization
2) Enlightenment
3) Institutionalizing of education systems

Question 15

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS: Why did more and more people move to the cities?

Answer 15

Most industry began to be located in large urban centers

Question 16

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS: Enlightenment, education efforts and uprooting of people from their familiar environments leads to _____ and _____ of society and its institutions

Answer 16

Enlightenment, education efforts and uprooting of people from their familiar environments leads to INDIVIDUALIZATION and SECULARIZATION of society and its institutions

Question 17

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS: What are eight examples of new social problems that emerged?

Answer 17

1) Poverty
2) Exploitation
3) Dangerous working conditions
4) Crime
5) Filth
6) Disease
7) Loss of family and other traditional support networks
8) Social conflict as cultures crashed

Question 18

SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIONS: Sciences in general were on the rise since the _____ century

Answer 18

Sciences in general were on the rise since the 16TH century

Question 19

SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIONS: What two main effects did scientific innovations have?

Answer 19

1) Fuelled economic development

2) Increased importance of institutionalizing education

Question 20

Social change required _____ and _____ _____ knowledge of society and its processes that moved beyond earlier _____, _____, and _____ _____ on the human condition

Answer 20

Social change required RATIONAL and SCIENTIFICALLY COMPREHENSIVE knowledge of society and its processes that moved beyond earlier MORAL, PHILOSOPHICAL and RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE on the human condition

Question 21

What two main types of sociological thinkers surfaced with the emergence of sociology as a modern discipline?

Answer 21

1) Those interested in explaining the great series of transformation in an effort to reinstate the status-quo and thereby return to stability
2) Those who sought to continue transformations and to overcome the host of social problems, thus making society fairer and more equitable for its members

Question 22

What fostered the development of sociology in North America in the late/early 20th century?

Answer 22

Social changes similar those in Europe

Question 23

When and where was the first sociology department established in Canada?

Answer 23

At McGill University in 1922

Question 24

How long was the first sociology department in Canada the only independent sociology program until?

Answer 24

Until the 1960s, when sociology became a major field of study and teaching in Canada

Question 25

Sociology

Answer 25

A social science, which seeks to understand society in a disciplined and scientific way

Question 26

In what three main ways does sociology distinguish itself from other disciplines?

Answer 26

1) History
2) Vocabulary
3) Tools

Question 27

What four main aspects make sociology a fragmented field of study?

Answer 27

1) Different theoretical approaches
2) Different research methods
3) Degree of social activism
4) Substantive field of study

Question 28

How many distinct subfields of sociology does the American Sociological Association (ASA) currently identify?

Answer 28

52

Question 29

There is _____, _____ and _____ overlap between the distinct subfields of sociology.

Answer 29

There is SUBSTANTIVE, THEORETICAL and METHODOLOGICAL overlap between the distinct subfields of sociology.

Question 30

What central perspective distinguishes sociology from other social sciences?

Answer 30

The sociological imagination

Question 31

Who coined the term sociological imagination?

Answer 31

C. Wright Mills

Question 32

Sociological imagination

Answer 32

Frame of mind which emphasizes interconnectedness of personal experiences and the larger forces of society and history

Question 33

Personal troubles

Answer 33

Problems that we face as individuals

Question 34

Public issues

Answer 34

Social problems that arise in society

Question 35

What has the most dominant impact on friendship patterns?

Answer 35

Social factors

i.e. demographic composition of neighbourhoods, schools, clubs, churches, workplaces

Question 36

In what two ways did Peter L. Berger expand on the notion of the sociological imagination or sociological perspective?

Answer 36

1) Seeing the General in the Particular
…General patterns (i.e. national divorce rate) that becomes visible in the behaviour of particular people (i.e. a couple that files for divorce)

2) Seeing the Strange in the Familiar
…We do not ask questions about why things are the way they are

Question 37

Whose work is seeing the strange in the familiar informed by?

Answer 37

Alfred Schütz