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A-EMT > Week #1 > Flashcards

Week #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Patent

A

Open

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical process that provides the cells with energy from nutrients

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism and its parts.

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4
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the process and the functions of a living organism

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5
Q

Glottis

A

The true vocal cords and the opening between them.

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6
Q

Endotracheal intubation ( ET )

A

Inserting an endotracheal tube through the glottis opening and sealing the tube with a inflated cuff against the tracheal wall

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7
Q

Laryngoscope

A

A device that is used in conjunction with a laryngoscope blade to perform direct laryngoscope

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

The area between the nasal cavity and the larynx an posterior to the oral cavity ;

( THE THROAT )

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9
Q

Soft palate

A

The posterior portion of the palate that is made up of mucous membrane , muscular fibers , and mucous glands ; it is so named cause it has no bony support

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10
Q

Nasopharynx

A

The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the palate

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11
Q

Oropharynx

A

A tubular structure that extended vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

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12
Q

Larynx

A

A complete structure formed by the epiglottis , thyroid cartilage , cricoid cartilage , arytenoid cartilage , cornculate cartilage , and cuneiform cartilage ;

( THE VOICE BOX )

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13
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

A firm prominence of cartilage that form the upper part of the larynx ;

( ADAMS APPLE )

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14
Q

V

A

The distance an object travels per unit time

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15
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and Carson dioxide in the alveoli and tissues of the body

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16
Q

Aveoli

A

The air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. In which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place ; also known as small pits or cavities , such as the bony sockets for the teeth that reside in the mandible and maxilla

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17
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs.

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18
Q

Fraction of inspired oxygen ( FIO2 )

A

The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air

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19
Q

Central nervous system ( CNS )

A

The brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

Perfusion

A

The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells , organs , and tissues of the body ; also involves the removal of waste.

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21
Q

Hypoxia

A

A dangerous condition in which the supply of oxygen to the tissue is reduced

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22
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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23
Q

Respiratory distress

A

A clinical state characterized by increased respiratory rate , effort , and work of breathing

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24
Q

PaCO2

A

Partial pressure of Cardin dioxide

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25
Q

H+

A

Hydrogen ions

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26
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the arterial blood

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27
Q

Homeostasis

A

A tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment ; process that balance the supply and demand of the body’s needs

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28
Q

Aspiration

A

The entry of fluids or solids into the trachea , bronchi , and lungs the act of drawing material in or out by suction ; can accur when a pt is unable to protect his or her own airway

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29
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decrease in Arterial oxygen levels

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30
Q

Anoxia

A

An absence of oxygen

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31
Q

Asymmetric chest wall movement

A

Unequal movement of the two sides of the chest ; indicates decreased airflow into one lung

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32
Q

Cheyne - stokes respiration

A

Gradually increased rate and depth of respiration followed by a gradual decrease of respiration’s with intermittent periods of apnea ; associated with brain stem insult

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33
Q

Kussmaul respiration’s

A

Deep , rapid respiration’s ; seen in pts with diabetic keto acidosis

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34
Q

Biot ( ataxic ) respiration

A

Irregular pattern , rate , and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea ; results from increased ICP

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35
Q

Apneustic respiration

A

Prolonged gasping inhalation followed by extremely short ineffective exhalation ; associated with brain stem insult

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36
Q

Agonal gasps

A

Slow shallow or irregular with occasion gasping breaths ; results from cerebral anoxia , agonal gasps May be seen when heart has stopped but the brain continues to send signals to the muscles of respiration.

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37
Q

HCO3

A

Concentration of the bicarbonate ions

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38
Q

PaO2

A

Partial pressure of oxygen

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39
Q

SaO2

A

Oxygen saturation

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40
Q

Bradypnea

A

A slow respiratory rate

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41
Q

Tonsil - tip catheter

A

A hard or rigid suction catheter ; known as a ( YANKAUER ) catheter

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42
Q

Whistle - tip catheter

A

Soft plastic non rigid catheter also called ( FRENCH. ) catheter

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43
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid ( CSF )

A

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid and bathes the meninges

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44
Q

Alveoli

A

The sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

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45
Q

Carina

A

A ridge like projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurates into the right and left mainstem brochi

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46
Q

Emphysema

A

The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas

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47
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Excessive sweating ; it’s often associated with shock

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48
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness

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49
Q

Pulsus paradoxes

A

A drop in systolic bp of 10 mm hg ; more during inspiration

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50
Q

Diabetic keto acidosis

A

A form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

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51
Q

Purulent

A

Full of puss ; having character of puss

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52
Q

Catecholomines

A

Anmine substances such as depeamine , epinephrine, and nonepinephrine that function as neurotransmitters , hormones , or both

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53
Q

Tugor

A

Loss of skin elasticity

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54
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of the physiology of altered functioning in the presence of disease

55
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea , bronchi , and larynx

56
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of the cases of a disease in a specific population within a given period

57
Q

Status asthmaticus

A

A severe prolonged asthma attack that cannot be stopped with the conventional treatment such as ; administration of epi

58
Q

Revised trauma score ( RTS )

A

A scoring system used for pt with head trauma

59
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of the diameter of a blood vessel

60
Q

IV

A

Within a vein

61
Q

MOI

A

The series of events that result in traumatic injuries ; the forces that act on the body to cause injury

62
Q

Normal salline

A

A solution of 0.9% sodium chloride ; an isotoric crystalloid

63
Q

ATLS

A

Advanced trauma life support

64
Q

Triage

A

To sort out pt based on the severity of there conditions and prioritize them for card according

65
Q

ABCDE

A 
A - airway 
B - breathing 
C - circulation 
D - disability 
E - exposure
66
Q

Infraction

A

Death ( necrosis ) of a localized area of tissue caused by ischemia

67
Q

ST segment

A

The interval between the end of the QRS complex ( j point ) and the beginning of the T wave

68
Q

Unstable angina

A

Angina pectoris characterized by a variable unpredictable pattern of pain. Which may signal a impending acute myocardial infarction

69
Q

Acute coronary syndroms

A

A series of cardiac conditions caused by a abrupt reduction in coronary artery blood flow

70
Q

Brain cells can survive for only 6 minutes without oxygen before permanent damage occurs

71
Q

Polio is a viral neuromuscular disorder that can affect the nerves including those that regulate ventilation

72
Q

When bronchioles contract air is forced threw smaller lumens ; resulting in decreased ventilation

73
Q

Without sufficient glucose , the cells will metabolize fatty acids resulting in keto acidosis

74
Q

A adult is alert responsive and able to speak in complete sentences with a normal voice has no immediate airway problem

75
Q

Signs of airway compromise in an unresponsive pt include

A

Snoring - caused by partial airway obstruction from the tongue

Vomitus - stomach contents

Draining from the mouth / gurgling sounds - indicates secretions in the airway

76
Q

Secretions pooling in a pt mouth is a clear indicator of a markedly deppresed or Adsense gag reflex

77
Q

Absent gag reflex ; significantly increases chance of aspiration

78
Q

Normal respiratory ranges

A

Adult - 12 / 20

Child - 12 / 37

Infant ( 1 month to 1 year ) - 30 / 57

79
Q

Protective reflexes of the airway are

A

Coughing , sneezing , gaging

80
Q

Measure catheter size from corner of mouth to earlobe

81
Q

In chilidren , using a tongue blade to hold down the tongue to insert a oral adjunct is preferred method because the child’s hard palate is more fragile then an adults. Rotation of the oral airway can feature or or even lacerate the hard palate

82
Q

Be wary if a pt is in respiratory distress wants to lay down this could be a sign of sudden deterioration in pt condition

83
Q

Respiratory rate X tidal volume = minute volume

84
Q

Silence in lung sounds means danger

85
Q

Croup is a condition mostly found in a child 6 months - 6 years old

86
Q

A fever or cough may present several hours after a aspiration prone event such as a seizure , or a episode of unresponsiveness

87
Q

Patients with obstructive airway disease present “ pursed lip breathing “ increased I/E ratio , abdominal use , jugular venous distention

88
Q

Asthma describes a triad of airway altercations , broncospasm , increased mucous production , and peripheral airway edema

89
Q

Patients with COPD are high risk for cardiac arrest

90
Q

The trauma score is used to determine the likelihood of pt survival , which is calculated on a scale of 1 to 16 , 16 being the best

91
Q

If the blood cannot clot ; the body cannot stop bleeding

92
Q

Make sure IV fluids are warmed to atleast body temperature

93
Q

Always follow your local protocols when determining what type of pt transportation is necessary

94
Q

ABCDE is CABDE in cardiac arrest situations

95
Q

Common chief complaints in a pt experiencing a ACS is chest discomfort , dyspnea , fainting , palpitations , and fatigue

96
Q

Compensated shock

A

Occurs early when the body is still able to compensate for a shortfall of one or more of the three areas of perfusion ( HR , SV , and or PVR )

Signs and symptoms: tachycardia , tachypnea , cool pale , diaphoretic skin

97
Q

Uncompensated shock

A

Occurs when the compensatory mechanisms fail and the patients condition deteriorates

Signs and symptoms : drop in blood pressure

98
Q

AVPU

A
  • A - alert
  • V - verbal
  • P - pain
  • U - unresponsive
99
Q

SAMPLE

A
  • S - signs and symptoms
  • A - allergies
  • M - medications
  • P - past medical history
  • L - last oral intake
  • E - events leading up to
100
Q

D CAP BTLS TIC

A
  • D - deformities
  • C - contusions
  • A - abrasions
  • P - punctures
  • B - bruising
  • T - tenderness
  • L - lacerations
  • S - swelling
  • T - tenderness
  • I - irritability
  • C - crepius
101
Q

What’s your scene survey

A
  • More info from dispatch
  • Weather
  • Mechanism of injury / nature of illness
  • Additional resources
  • # of patients
  • What’s do I see
  • PPE before exiting unit
  • establish command / triage
102
Q

Proper vitals

A
  • BP
  • pulse
  • respiration’s
  • SPo2 sat
  • glucose
  • ekg / 12 lead
  • pupils
  • temp
103
Q

What’s your primary survey

A

AVPU / GCS / pupils

A. C
B. A
C. B

Immediate life threats

Transport priority / destination

104
Q

What is your secondary patient assessment

A

SAMPLE

OPQRST

D CAP BTLS TIC

“ VITALS “

105
Q

CO

A

Cardiac output

106
Q

Factors that reduce cardiovascular disease

A
  • aerobic exercise
  • awareness
  • behavior modification
  • blood pressure control
  • cholesterol management
  • lipid management
  • smoking cessation
  • weight management
107
Q

Time is muscle

108
Q

A person with ACS typically feels pain just beneath the sternum , variously describes as heavy , squeezing , crushing or tight pain may radiate to “ typically left arm “

109
Q

Impending doom is common in patients experiencing a MI

110
Q

Poor perfusion = confusion

111
Q

MONA

A
  • oxygen
  • aspirin
  • nitro
  • Morphine
112
Q

NTG can not be used in patients with a systolic BP less then 90 mm hg

113
Q

Nitro , morphine , diuretics decrease pre loads

114
Q

Do not administer nitracts if patient has used

A

Sildenfil ( viagra ) in 24 hours

Or tadalafil ( cialis ) vardenfil ( levitral in 48 hours

115
Q

You can administer up to 3 - 0.4 mg doses of NTG every 3-5 minutes if patient remains stable

116
Q

Opioids makes pupils small on overdoes

117
Q

NO nitro on trauma patients

118
Q

To slow of respiration rate we bag

To fast of respiration rate we bag

119
Q

Normal tensive

A

Just right

120
Q

Always take a suction over other equipment

121
Q

Use 1 - 5 In pain scales not 1 - 10

122
Q

Bronchi - has no protective mucous or shielded by any smooth muscles or rigid structure

123
Q

Mediastinum space in middle of chest consists of

A

Heart
Large blood vessels
The large conducting airway
Other organs

124
Q

Blood flows from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

125
Q

Right sided heart failure can present slow

Left sided heart failure presents immediately

126
Q

Minute volume

A

Air moved over a minute

127
Q

The larynogophayrnx is the lowest part of the upperairway

128
Q

Hypoxia signs

A

Early signs : restlessness , irritability , tachycardia , anxiety

Late signs : mental status changes , weak pulse , cyanosis

129
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Glucose and oxygen levels decrease

130
Q

Infection does

A

Increase metobalic needs

Disrupts homeostasis

131
Q

Heart has four chambers

132
Q

The septa separates the heart into two function pumps

133
Q

SA node is supplied by the right coronary artistries

A-EMT (1 decks)

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