Week #1 Flashcards
1
Q
Patent
A
Open
2
Q
Metabolism
A
The chemical process that provides the cells with energy from nutrients
3
Q
Anatomy
A
The study of the structure of an organism and its parts.
4
Q
Physiology
A
The study of the process and the functions of a living organism
5
Q
Glottis
A
The true vocal cords and the opening between them.
6
Q
Endotracheal intubation ( ET )
A
Inserting an endotracheal tube through the glottis opening and sealing the tube with a inflated cuff against the tracheal wall
7
Q
Laryngoscope
A
A device that is used in conjunction with a laryngoscope blade to perform direct laryngoscope
8
Q
Pharynx
A
The area between the nasal cavity and the larynx an posterior to the oral cavity ;
( THE THROAT )
9
Q
Soft palate
A
The posterior portion of the palate that is made up of mucous membrane , muscular fibers , and mucous glands ; it is so named cause it has no bony support
10
Q
Nasopharynx
A
The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the palate
11
Q
Oropharynx
A
A tubular structure that extended vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea
12
Q
Larynx
A
A complete structure formed by the epiglottis , thyroid cartilage , cricoid cartilage , arytenoid cartilage , cornculate cartilage , and cuneiform cartilage ;
( THE VOICE BOX )
13
Q
Thyroid cartilage
A
A firm prominence of cartilage that form the upper part of the larynx ;
( ADAMS APPLE )
14
Q
V
A
The distance an object travels per unit time
15
Q
Respiration
A
The exchange of oxygen and Carson dioxide in the alveoli and tissues of the body
16
Q
Aveoli
A
The air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. In which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place ; also known as small pits or cavities , such as the bony sockets for the teeth that reside in the mandible and maxilla
17
Q
Hemoglobin
A
An iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs.
18
Q
Fraction of inspired oxygen ( FIO2 )
A
The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air
19
Q
Central nervous system ( CNS )
A
The brain and spinal cord
20
Q
Perfusion
A
The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells , organs , and tissues of the body ; also involves the removal of waste.
21
Q
Hypoxia
A
A dangerous condition in which the supply of oxygen to the tissue is reduced
22
Q
Dyspnea
A
Difficult or labored breathing
23
Q
Respiratory distress
A
A clinical state characterized by increased respiratory rate , effort , and work of breathing
24
Q
PaCO2
A
Partial pressure of Cardin dioxide
25
H+
Hydrogen ions
26
Hypercapnia
Increased carbon dioxide levels in the arterial blood
27
Homeostasis
A tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment ; process that balance the supply and demand of the body’s needs
28
Aspiration
The entry of fluids or solids into the trachea , bronchi , and lungs the act of drawing material in or out by suction ; can accur when a pt is unable to protect his or her own airway
29
Hypoxemia
Decrease in Arterial oxygen levels
30
Anoxia
An absence of oxygen
31
Asymmetric chest wall movement
Unequal movement of the two sides of the chest ; indicates decreased airflow into one lung
32
Cheyne - stokes respiration
Gradually increased rate and depth of respiration followed by a gradual decrease of respiration’s with intermittent periods of apnea ; associated with brain stem insult
33
Kussmaul respiration’s
Deep , rapid respiration’s ; seen in pts with diabetic keto acidosis
34
Biot ( ataxic ) respiration
Irregular pattern , rate , and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea ; results from increased ICP
35
Apneustic respiration
Prolonged gasping inhalation followed by extremely short ineffective exhalation ; associated with brain stem insult
36
Agonal gasps
Slow shallow or irregular with occasion gasping breaths ; results from cerebral anoxia , agonal gasps May be seen when heart has stopped but the brain continues to send signals to the muscles of respiration.
37
HCO3
Concentration of the bicarbonate ions
38
PaO2
Partial pressure of oxygen
39
SaO2
Oxygen saturation
40
Bradypnea
A slow respiratory rate
41
Tonsil - tip catheter
A hard or rigid suction catheter ; known as a ( YANKAUER ) catheter
42
Whistle - tip catheter
Soft plastic non rigid catheter also called ( FRENCH. ) catheter
43
Cerebral spinal fluid ( CSF )
Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid and bathes the meninges
44
Alveoli
The sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
45
Carina
A ridge like projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurates into the right and left mainstem brochi
46
Emphysema
The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas
47
Diaphoresis
Excessive sweating ; it’s often associated with shock
48
Pallor
Paleness
49
Pulsus paradoxes
A drop in systolic bp of 10 mm hg ; more during inspiration
50
Diabetic keto acidosis
A form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
51
Purulent
Full of puss ; having character of puss
52
Catecholomines
Anmine substances such as depeamine , epinephrine, and nonepinephrine that function as neurotransmitters , hormones , or both
53
Tugor
Loss of skin elasticity
54
Pathophysiology
The study of the physiology of altered functioning in the presence of disease
55
Laryngotracheobronchitis
Inflammation of the trachea , bronchi , and larynx
56
Prevalence
The number of the cases of a disease in a specific population within a given period
57
Status asthmaticus
A severe prolonged asthma attack that cannot be stopped with the conventional treatment such as ; administration of epi
58
Revised trauma score ( RTS )
A scoring system used for pt with head trauma
59
Vasodilation
Widening of the diameter of a blood vessel
60
IV
Within a vein
61
MOI
The series of events that result in traumatic injuries ; the forces that act on the body to cause injury
62
Normal salline
A solution of 0.9% sodium chloride ; an isotoric crystalloid
63
ATLS
Advanced trauma life support
64
Triage
To sort out pt based on the severity of there conditions and prioritize them for card according
65
ABCDE
```
A - airway
B - breathing
C - circulation
D - disability
E - exposure
```
66
Infraction
Death ( necrosis ) of a localized area of tissue caused by ischemia
67
ST segment
The interval between the end of the QRS complex ( j point ) and the beginning of the T wave
68
Unstable angina
Angina pectoris characterized by a variable unpredictable pattern of pain. Which may signal a impending acute myocardial infarction
69
Acute coronary syndroms
A series of cardiac conditions caused by a abrupt reduction in coronary artery blood flow
70
Brain cells can survive for only 6 minutes without oxygen before permanent damage occurs
Note
71
Polio is a viral neuromuscular disorder that can affect the nerves including those that regulate ventilation
Note
72
When bronchioles contract air is forced threw smaller lumens ; resulting in decreased ventilation
Note
73
Without sufficient glucose , the cells will metabolize fatty acids resulting in keto acidosis
Note
74
A adult is alert responsive and able to speak in complete sentences with a normal voice has no immediate airway problem
Note
75
Signs of airway compromise in an unresponsive pt include
Snoring - caused by partial airway obstruction from the tongue
Vomitus - stomach contents
Draining from the mouth / gurgling sounds - indicates secretions in the airway
76
Secretions pooling in a pt mouth is a clear indicator of a markedly deppresed or Adsense gag reflex
Note
77
Absent gag reflex ; significantly increases chance of aspiration
Note
78
Normal respiratory ranges
Adult - 12 / 20
Child - 12 / 37
Infant ( 1 month to 1 year ) - 30 / 57
79
Protective reflexes of the airway are
Coughing , sneezing , gaging
80
Measure catheter size from corner of mouth to earlobe
Note
81
In chilidren , using a tongue blade to hold down the tongue to insert a oral adjunct is preferred method because the child’s hard palate is more fragile then an adults. Rotation of the oral airway can feature or or even lacerate the hard palate
Note
82
Be wary if a pt is in respiratory distress wants to lay down this could be a sign of sudden deterioration in pt condition
Note
83
Respiratory rate X tidal volume = minute volume
Note
84
Silence in lung sounds means danger
Note
85
Croup is a condition mostly found in a child 6 months - 6 years old
Note
86
A fever or cough may present several hours after a aspiration prone event such as a seizure , or a episode of unresponsiveness
Note
87
Patients with obstructive airway disease present “ pursed lip breathing “ increased I/E ratio , abdominal use , jugular venous distention
Note
88
Asthma describes a triad of airway altercations , broncospasm , increased mucous production , and peripheral airway edema
Note
89
Patients with COPD are high risk for cardiac arrest
Note
90
The trauma score is used to determine the likelihood of pt survival , which is calculated on a scale of 1 to 16 , 16 being the best
Note
91
If the blood cannot clot ; the body cannot stop bleeding
Note
92
Make sure IV fluids are warmed to atleast body temperature
Note
93
Always follow your local protocols when determining what type of pt transportation is necessary
Note
94
ABCDE is CABDE in cardiac arrest situations
Note
95
Common chief complaints in a pt experiencing a ACS is chest discomfort , dyspnea , fainting , palpitations , and fatigue
Note
96
Compensated shock
Occurs early when the body is still able to compensate for a shortfall of one or more of the three areas of perfusion ( HR , SV , and or PVR )
Signs and symptoms: tachycardia , tachypnea , cool pale , diaphoretic skin
97
Uncompensated shock
Occurs when the compensatory mechanisms fail and the patients condition deteriorates
Signs and symptoms : drop in blood pressure
98
AVPU
* A - alert
* V - verbal
* P - pain
* U - unresponsive
99
SAMPLE
* S - signs and symptoms
* A - allergies
* M - medications
* P - past medical history
* L - last oral intake
* E - events leading up to
100
D CAP BTLS TIC
* D - deformities
* C - contusions
* A - abrasions
* P - punctures
* B - bruising
* T - tenderness
* L - lacerations
* S - swelling
* T - tenderness
* I - irritability
* C - crepius
101
What’s your scene survey
* More info from dispatch
* Weather
* Mechanism of injury / nature of illness
* Additional resources
* # of patients
* What’s do I see
* PPE before exiting unit
* establish command / triage
102
Proper vitals
* BP
* pulse
* respiration’s
* SPo2 sat
* glucose
* ekg / 12 lead
* pupils
* temp
103
What’s your primary survey
AVPU / GCS / pupils
A. C
B. A
C. B
Immediate life threats
Transport priority / destination
104
What is your secondary patient assessment
SAMPLE
OPQRST
D CAP BTLS TIC
“ VITALS “
105
CO
Cardiac output
106
Factors that reduce cardiovascular disease
* aerobic exercise
* awareness
* behavior modification
* blood pressure control
* cholesterol management
* lipid management
* smoking cessation
* weight management
107
Time is muscle
Note
108
A person with ACS typically feels pain just beneath the sternum , variously describes as heavy , squeezing , crushing or tight pain may radiate to “ typically left arm “
Note
109
Impending doom is common in patients experiencing a MI
Note
110
Poor perfusion = confusion
Note
111
MONA
* oxygen
* aspirin
* nitro
* Morphine
112
NTG can not be used in patients with a systolic BP less then 90 mm hg
Note
113
Nitro , morphine , diuretics decrease pre loads
Note
114
Do not administer nitracts if patient has used
Sildenfil ( viagra ) in 24 hours
Or tadalafil ( cialis ) vardenfil ( levitral in 48 hours
115
You can administer up to 3 - 0.4 mg doses of NTG every 3-5 minutes if patient remains stable
Note
116
Opioids makes pupils small on overdoes
Note
117
NO nitro on trauma patients
Note
118
To slow of respiration rate we bag
| To fast of respiration rate we bag
Note
119
Normal tensive
Just right
120
Always take a suction over other equipment
Note
121
Use 1 - 5 In pain scales not 1 - 10
Note
122
Bronchi - has no protective mucous or shielded by any smooth muscles or rigid structure
Note
123
Mediastinum space in middle of chest consists of
Heart
Large blood vessels
The large conducting airway
Other organs
124
Blood flows from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
Note
125
Right sided heart failure can present slow
Left sided heart failure presents immediately
Note
126
Minute volume
Air moved over a minute
127
The larynogophayrnx is the lowest part of the upperairway
Note
128
Hypoxia signs
Early signs : restlessness , irritability , tachycardia , anxiety
Late signs : mental status changes , weak pulse , cyanosis
129
Hypoglycemia
Glucose and oxygen levels decrease
130
Infection does
Increase metobalic needs
| Disrupts homeostasis
131
Heart has four chambers
Note
132
The septa separates the heart into two function pumps
Note
133
SA node is supplied by the right coronary artistries
Note
