Week 1 Flashcards
What are the ADG’s and the NRV’s?
ADG: Australian Dietary Guidelines
NRV: Nutrient reference values
Who do the ADG’s and NRV’s target?
The general healthy population
Healthy includes: pregnant and breastfeeding
Does not include athletes, people with chronic disease, children, obese or underweight people, elderly`
What do the ADG’s and NRV’s aim to achieve?
They aim to achieve substance in health and avoid deficiency disease as well as side effects of excess intake.
What are the food groups?
- Grains
- Fruit
- Vegetables and legumes
- Meat, fish, and other alternatives
- Dairy and alternatives
How is the EAR developed?
EAR is determined by a biomarker of deficiency; where 50% of healthy people will have inadequate intake if they consumed the EAR
How is the RDI developed?
Based of the EAR 1.2 or 2 standard deviations to the right
only 2-3% of healthy Australians have inadequate intake.
How is the AI developed?
Determined by the MEDIAN intake of the surveyed apparently healthy population (per age groups/sex)
97-98% of healthy Australians have their needs met.
How is the UL developed?
Determined when there are markers of toxicity are known
3% of the population will show side effects
How is the AMDR developed?
Determined in order to meet micronutrients EARs from food only from the core food groups
What are each of the NRV’s?
7
EAR: estimated average requirement RDI: recommended dietary intake AI: adequate intake EER: Estimated Energy Requirement UL: upper limit SDT: Suggested dietary target AMDR: Acceptable Marco Nutrient Distribution Range
What are the Australian guides for healthy eating?
- To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amount of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy need
- Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the 5 food groups every day and drink plenty of water
- Limit intake of food containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
- Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding.
- Care for your food; prepare and store it safely.
What are the definition and difference between digestion and absorption?
Digestion: Process of breaking down foods components into the molecules that can be absorbed. Macronutrients are turned into monomers, micronutrients are freed from larger food particles.
Absorption: Uptake of monomers and micronutrients from the lumen of the GIT through the absorptive cells (enterocytes), into the blood or lymph for transport to organs/cells
Describe the different forms of absorption
- Passive: moves down the concentration gradient
- Facilitated: require a carrier protein and moves down a concentration gradient
- Active: requires energy (ATP), can transport against the concentration gradient
- Endocytosis: The cell wall engulfs the substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
What are prebiotics and probiotics?
Probiotics: These are live bacteria found in certain foods or supplements.
Prebiotics: These substances come from types of carbs (mostly fiber) that humans can’t digest. The beneficial bacteria in your gut eat this fiber.
What is the function of prebiotics?
Their fermentation results in healthy SCFA; inulin, fructans, resistant starch, pectin etc.
