Week 1

Question 1

Function of Lymph system

Answer 1

• Removes excess fluid
• Part of immunity, part of inflammation
• Makes lymph
• Involved in fat
• Helps get rid of proteins
• Waste management of body
• Clearing mechanism everywhere in body except CNS

Question 2

What results if there is an imbalance in the amount of fluid removed from the local tissue?

Answer 2

-lymph edema

Question 3

What does lymphatic system remove from the interstitum?

Answer 3

-excess fluid; maintain homeostasis

Question 4

Why does fluid move out of capillary?

Answer 4

-hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

Where is lymph system found?

Answer 5

-found throughout the body, deep and superficial

Question 6

Why is it important that there is lymph in brain?

Answer 6

• Spread of: Meningitis, Cancer, Alzheimers–proteins aggregating in lymph system

Question 7

Anatomical structure of lymphatic vessels

Answer 7

• Structurally: Valves to keep fluid moving in one direction and prevent back flow

Question 8

Where does lymph flow to?

Answer 8

venous angles

Question 9

Two entry points into venous system

Answer 9

• Right lymphatic Duct: right arm, right side of head, heart minus the pericardium, right lung; Enter through subclavian and internal jugular
• Thoracic Duct: drains everything else

Question 10

Cisterna chyli

• when does it occur?
• what is it?
• where is it?

Answer 10

• Not always present
• Swelling that is sometimes present from T12 to L1-2
• Under the diaphragm, at the aortic hiatus (where thoracic aorta changes name to abdominal aorta)
• Lies posterior to aorta but superior to vertebrae

Question 11

How does lymph start?

• path
• how many nodes

Answer 11

• Lymphatic capillaries pick up excess fluid from interstitial space, draining from capillaries then go to lymph vessels, then go to lymph node, then lymph trunks
• Will go through multiple nodes before getting to a trunk

Question 12

what do the superficial lymph vessels drain?

Answer 12

-subcutaneous tissue

Question 13

what do the deep lymph vessels drain?

Answer 13

• Muscles
• Tendon
• Ligaments
• No bone, but the tissue around it does

Question 14

Upper limb lymphatics

Answer 14

-lymph plexus of hands, fingers; follow cephalic and basilic veins–cubital lymph nodes–humeral axillary nodes–central nodes–apical axillary nodes
OR
-lymph plexus of hands, fingers; follow cephalic and basilic veins–apical axillary nodes–supraclavicular nodes–subclavian lymphatic trunk–Rt. or left thoracic duct

Question 15

Lower limb lymphatics

Answer 15

• great saphenous vein–superficial inguinal nodes–external illiac nodes or deep inguinal nodes–external and common iliac nodes–lumbar lymphatic trunks
• small saphenous vein–popliteal nodes– deep inguinal nodes–external and common iliac nodes–lumbar lymphatic trunks

Question 16

Heart lymphatics

Answer 16

epicardial plexus–right and left cardiac collecting tymph trunks–parasternal nodes–brachiomediastinal trunks–lymph from left ventricle to right lymphatic duct and lymph from right ventricle into the thoracic duct

Question 17

Lung lymphatics

Answer 17

superficial lymphatic plexus (deep to visceral pleura)–bronchopulmonary lymph nodes–tracheobronchial and paratrachial nodes–bronchomediastinal trunks–subclavian veins
OR
deep lymphatic plexus (submucosa of bronchi and peribronchial connective tissue)–pulmonary nodes–bronchopulmonary lymph nodes–tracheobronchial and paratrachial nodes–bronchomediastinal trunks–subclavian veins

Question 18

Posterior abdominal wall

Answer 18

external and internal iliac nodes–common iliac nodes–lumbar lymph nodes–interstitial lymphatic trunks–cisterna chylii

Question 19

Large bowel lymphatics

Answer 19

superior or inferior mesenteric LN–interstital lymph trunks–cisterna chylii–thoracic duct

Question 20

Celiac area lymphatics

Answer 20

gastro-epiploic and gastric lymph node–follow vessels of the stomach–celiac lymph node–pre-aortic nodes–thoracic duct