Week 1

Question 1

Functions of Medulla Oblangata

Answer 1

vital life support: breathing, heart beat, vaso-motor

decussation of pyramids

Question 2

Functions of Pons

Answer 2

regulating breathing - rhythm

“to bridge” - connects tracts of the brain to spine

Question 3

Functions of Cerebellum

Answer 3

Balance and Coordination

motor control (gross)

Quality control of motor / proprioception

Question 4

Functions of Middle Brain

Answer 4

Corpora Quadrigemina: (Superior: visual reflexes blinking, tearing up, dilate pupils) / (Inferior: auditory reflexes responds to sounds)

Cerebral Aquaduct - tube, drains CSF

Question 5

Functions of Diencephalon

Answer 5

Epithalamus (location): pineal body (structure): hormones/glands; choroid plexus (structure): makes CSF

Thalamus - switch board, feel pain/temperature

Hypothalamus -homeostasis / body regulation (hormones and drives)

Question 6

Cerebrum

Answer 6

Frontal: motor, problem solving, motor speech (move mouth)

Parietal: feel body (somato-sensory), understand speech

Occipital: visual

Temporal: Memories (long term), hearing

Question 7

Broca’s Region

Answer 7

Frontal lobe - motor speech: makes words

Question 8

Wernicke’s Region

Answer 8

understand/speech comprehension in parietal lobe

If damaged - make words, but no syntax

Question 9

Flow of CSF

Answer 9

1. Choroid Plexus
2. Lateral ventricle
3. 3rd ventricle
4. cerebral aqueduct
5. 4th ventricle
6. After 4th ventricle
7. Choice A: spine, down central canal of spinal cord
8. outside of spine into subarachnoid space
9. Choice B: subarachnoid space around brain
10. subarachnoid space travel back up toward the brain - outside of brain
11. Travel to top of head
12. CSF reabsorbed into blood via arachnoid villi

Question 10

Circle of Willis

Answer 10

1. Anterior Cerebral Artery: frontal, parietal, occipital
2. Middle: parietal, temporal, frontal
3. Posterior: occipital, temporal, little parietal

Question 11

gray matter is composed of:

Answer 11

neurosomas, dendrites and synapses form the cortext

Question 12

white matter is composed

Answer 12

tracts and bundles of axon which connect the brain to spinal cord

Question 13

Functions of CSF

Answer 13

1. buoyancy
2. protection
3. chemical stability (CSF rinses metabolic waste from the nervous tissue and regulates chemical environment)

Question 14

18. Distinguish between commissural, association, and projection tracts of the cerebrum?

Answer 14

• Commissural tracts cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other via the commissure. The majority of commissural tracts pass through the large corpus callosum.
  
  • Association tracts - connect different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere
  • Projection tracts - extend vertically between the higher and lower brain and spinal cord centers. IT carries information between cerebrum and the rest of the body.

Question 15

Function of Trochlear (CN 4)

Answer 15

move eye: cross eyes

Question 16

Function of Trigeminal (CN 5)

Answer 16

bones of face

Question 17

Function of Abducen (CN6)

Answer 17

move eye: lateral

Question 18

Function of Vestibulocochlear (CN8)

Answer 18

hearing and balance

Question 19

Function of glossopharyngeal (CN9)

Answer 19

swallowing, throat

Question 20

Function of vagus (CN10)

Answer 20

visera: chest and abdomen

Question 21

Function of accessory (CN11)

Answer 21

shoulder and neck

Question 22

Function of hypoglossal (CN12)

Answer 22

Tongue