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AP 2 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the heart:

A

Generating blood pressure, routing blood, and regulating blood supply.

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2
Q

Generating blood pressure

A

Required for blood flow through the blood vessels

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3
Q

Routing blood

A

Two pumps, moving blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations

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4
Q

Regulating blood supply

A

Adjust blood flow by changing the rate and force of heart contractions as needed

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5
Q

Cardiovascular system circuits

A

Pulmonary circuit and system circuit

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6
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A
  • right side of heart

* lungs

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7
Q

Systemic circuit

A
  • left side of heart

* body

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8
Q

Multi layered pericardium

A
  • deep two layered serous pericardium
  • parietal layer
  • visceral layer
  • two layers separated by fluid filled pericardial cavity (decreases friction)
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9
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium

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10
Q

Visceral layer (epicardium)

A

On the external surface of heart

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11
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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12
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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13
Q

Myocardium

A
  • spiral bundles of contractile muscle cells
  • cardiac skeleton : crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue
    • anchors cardiac muscle fibers
    • supports great vessels and valves
    • limits spread of action potentials to specific paths
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14
Q

Endocardium

A

Continues with endothelial lining of blood vessels

• lines heart chambers; covers cardiac skeleton of valves

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15
Q

Structure of cardiac muscles

A
  • cardiomyocytes
  • intercalated discs
  • gap junctions
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16
Q

Heart chambers

A

• four chambers:

  • right and left atria
    • two superior chambers

• right and left ventricles
- two inferior chambers

17
Q

Histology of the heart

A

•cardiac muscle cells:
Are branched and have one centrally located nucleus
Actin and myosin are organized to form sacromeres (striated)
Normal contraction depends on extraceukar Ca2*
Rely on aerobic respiration for ATP Production
They have many mitochondria and are well supplied with blood vessels
Joined by intercalated discs
Allow action potentials to move from one cell to the next, thus cardiac cells function as a unit

18
Q

Atrium

A 
Receiving chambers of the heart 
Each atrium has a protruding auricle 
Pectinate muscled mark atrial walls 
Veins entering the right atrium carry blood to the heart from the systemic circulation. 
•inferior vena cava 
•superior vena cava 
•coronary sinus 
Veins entering the left atrium carry blood to the heart from the pulmonary circulation 
Four pulmonary veins
19
Q

Ventricles

A

Discharging chambers of the heart
Papillary muscles and trabeculae carnea muscles mark ventricular walls
Arties carry blood away from the heart

AP 2 (1 decks)

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