Week 1 Flashcards
Describe the parameters of paediatric physiotherapy
age range, types of impairments, what 3 areas of problems that cause movement disorders
0-18 years. may be congenital (born with) or aquired. Movement disorders secondary from - musculoskeletal - neuro - cardiorespiratory
Impairment may result in multi-system disorder
Typical growth and development: infant, child and adolescent : (growth impacts what areas?)
It is unique in every child. Is orderly but a broad sequence from conception to full maturity. simple to complex function.
Growth impacts:
- Musculoskeletal structures
- skeletal growth (bone and joint)
- muscle growth
- morphological changes (form and structure) - Neural structures
- cardiorespiratory and metabolic function
what are the 3 key purposes of motor development?
- underpins healthy adaptive growth of :
- muscle
- bone
- joints - influences by changing biomechanics
- COM
- spinal curves
- length of levers
- alignment - Empowers neural growth + constrained by neural maturity
Using the individual, task and environment model that movement emerges from, describe the ‘individual’ component in the developing child.
- Individual =
- cognition
- perception
- action
the systems that support motor control are developing.
Describe the ‘task’ component of the model for child development.
- Task=
- mobility
- stability
- manipulation
As the child develops, task demands become increasingly sophisticated and variable.
Describe the ‘environment’ component of the model in developing
- Environment =
- Regulatory
- non-regulatory
Child rearing and cultural practices : timing and nature of early experiences provide opportunity for practice
List stages of development (milestones) from 1-15 months
1-3 prone, lifts head 2-4 prone, lifts chest with arm support 2-4.5 rolls over *4.5-8 sits without support 5-10 stands with support *6-10 pulls self to stand *7-12 crawls 7-13 walks holding on to furniture *10-14 stands alone well. *11-14.5 walks alone well.
Describe the clinical significance of developmental milestones (what are the 2 parts of the variability? )
variability exists in :
- timing
- sequential nature of attaining these developmental milestone
what is not predictive of development outcomes? Why?
Varied attainment of motor milestones without having an impairment is not predictive of development outcomes.
Why?
because motor aptitude varies.
How much variation is a concern?
- 1SD below the mean = support to keep up with peers (so within 34% of average)
- 2SD below average= disability (larger than 34% of average)
What are reasons for variability in milestones across healthy populations?
Delayed attainment of milestones can be related to limited experience.
delays =
- influenced by experience, personal and environmental factors (ICF model)
- does not predict long term outcomes
What are reasons for variability in milestones in at risk populations?
(LO2 Discuss clinical use of developmental milestones)
delays=
- more likely due to impairment in body structure and function (ICF)
- earliest valid predictor of developmental difficulties
In a child with cerebral palsy, what areas would you consider in regards to the body functions and structure impairment of the ICF model ?
- motor control
- muscle performance
- skeletal alignment
(thinking about musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory and neurodevelopmental impairments)
What are some considerations for using ICF for clinical decision making within Body structure and Function impairments?
- not all modified by PT intervention
- should be considered by do not always cause activity limitations or participation restrictions.
- are identified by evaluation of body structure s and functions.
What are some considerations for using ICF for clinical decision making within Activities ?
- should be related to participation restrictions
- can cause secondary impairments
- may be measured by norm and criterion referenced assessments.
(eg. Mobility = activity limitation)
