Week 1

Question 1

(Academic) ethics

Answer 1

Reflecting on moral norms, values and virtues

Question 2

(Ordinary) morality

Answer 2

The totality of opinions, decisions and actions with which people express, individually or collectively, what they think is good or right

Question 3

Normative

Answer 3

Value-judgements, while predicting/describing

Question 4

Non-normative

Answer 4

Solely describing without judgements

Question 5

Consequentialism

Answer 5

Evaluating the outcomes, mostly based on values, utalitarianism (getting most utility)

Question 6

Deontology

Answer 6

Based on duties, rights and values, norms are important, kantian

Question 7

Virtue-ethics

Answer 7

Based on virtue/someones character traits, how would this person that is “just” do this (moral exemplar), virtues, Aristotle

Question 8

Moral agency

Answer 8

Moral responsibility of the individual

Question 9

Moral agency conditions(3)

Answer 9

Causality (is it the outcome of their actions?)
Knowledge (should/did it have knowledge of the consequences of their actions?)
Choice (Was it free to choose something else without greater harm for itself)

Question 10

Big data qualities(4)

Answer 10

(1) There is more data than ever in the history of data
(2) Big data is potentially global
(3) Big Data is messy and organic, but this makes it a representation of the real world/nature
(4) Big Data is based on correlations, not causations

Question 11

Big data stakeholders (3)

Answer 11

(1) Big data collectors
(2) Big data utilizers
(3) Big data producers

Question 12

Network knock-on-effects

Answer 12

The nature of hyper-connected network socities amplifies the collateral damage of actions within the network

Question 13

Universalism

Answer 13

Ethical theory that states that there is a system of norms and values that is universally applicable to everyone, independent of time, place or culture

Question 14

Absolutism

Answer 14

Rigid form of universalism in which no exception of the rules is possible

Question 15

Utilitarianism

Answer 15

Jeremy Bentham (hedonist = based on pleasure), consequence of an action is central to its judgement. Based on values, form of consequentialism.

Question 16

No harm principle/freedom principle

Answer 16

One is free to do what they want, as long as it does not harm others

Question 17

Distributive justice

Answer 17

The value of having a certain distribution of goods, happiness, career

Question 18

Marginal utility

Answer 18

The added utility that is generated by an increase in a good or service

Question 19

Hypothetical norm

Answer 19

A conditional norm (i.e. “If you do not want to betray your friend, you shall not lie”)

Question 20

Categorical imperative

Answer 20

Universal principle, foundation of all moral judgements in Kant’s view. (i.e. “Do not lie”)

Question 21

Reciprocity principle

Answer 21

Act to treat humanity, your own or any other, as an end, never as a means only

Question 22

Prima facie norms

Answer 22

The appliccable norms, unless overruled by more important norms that become apparent at the time

Question 23

Care ethics

Answer 23

Ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of relationships, and which holds that the development of morals does not come from learning general moral principles