Week 1

Question 1

what is the goal of cerebrovascular procedures?

Answer 1

to prevent stroke and evaluate vasospasm of the brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 2

Atherosclerosis is _______________

Answer 2

the primary disease of the carotid arteries and a primary cause of stroke

Question 3

What is a stroke?

Answer 3

A stoke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients; within minutes, brain cells begin to die

Question 4

Stroke symptoms include:

Answer 4

Trouble speaking and understanding
Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg
Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Headache
Trouble walking

Question 5

What does the acronym FAST stand for?

Answer 5

Face (smile, droop?)
Arms (raise arms, downward drift?)
Speech (slurred or strange speech?)
Time (call 911 right away)

Question 6

Ischemia =

Answer 6

Blocked artery

 - thrombus formed at carotid site
 - embolus breaking from carotid plaque
 - embolus from heart

Question 7

Hemorrhage =

Answer 7

bleed in the brain caused by an artery bursting

Question 8

85% of strokes are __________

Answer 8

ischemic

Question 9

Ischemic strokes can be either _________ or ___________.

Answer 9

Thrombotic or Embolic

Question 10

What is a common condition that causes an embolic stroke from the heart?

Answer 10

AFIB

Question 11

When a blood vessel in the brain bursts and spills into the surrounding brain tissue, it is called a ____________

Answer 11

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 12

When an artery near the surface of your brain bursts and spills into the space between the surface of your brain and your skull, it is called a ______________

Answer 12

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 13

What is the biggest risk factor for stroke?

Answer 13

HTN

Question 14

3/4 of all stokes occur is people who are ___________

Answer 14

over the age of 65

Question 15

Define a TIA

Answer 15

Transient Ischemic Attack

 - brief period of stoke symptoms (<24 hrs)
 - blockage is temporary

Question 16

What is the best medical treatment for stroke?

Answer 16

TPA (Tissue plasminogen activator)

Question 17

What is the term for a common Aortic arch branch variant?

Answer 17

Bovine

Question 18

What is the first branch of the ECA?

Answer 18

The Superior Thyroid

Question 19

What is the Flow divider?

Answer 19

The point of tissue where the ICA and ECA split

Question 20

Define where the different sections of the ICA are located

Answer 20

Proximal - 0-1.5 cm from FD
Mid - 1.5 - 3.0 cm from FD
Distal - >3.0 cm from FD

Question 21

What are some important collaterals if the ICA becomes occluded?

Answer 21

Supraorbital, Frontal, Nasal

Question 22

Name the branches of the ECA starting proximally.

Answer 22

Superior Thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

Question 23

What is a common collateral if the CCA becomes occluded?

Answer 23

Retrograde ECA flow feeds the ICA

Question 24

What is a common collateral if the ICA is occluded?

Answer 24

• ECA branches feed distal ophthalmic branches which feeds the ICA
• Flow through circle of willis
• vertebral to basilar to circle of willis

Question 25

What is a common collateral if the proximal SCA is occluded?

Answer 25

• Ipsilateral Vertebral flow reverses to feed arm (subclavian steal)
• Contralateral vertebral into basilar and ipsilateral vertebral to arm

Question 26

What is a common collateral if the BCA is occluded?

Answer 26

Vertebral flow reversal into proximal SCA to feed CCA

Question 27

What plane is the best to visualize the ICA?

Answer 27

postero-lateral

Question 28

How do you distinguish the Carotid Bulb from the proximal ICA?

Answer 28

Artery walls are not parallel in bulb

Question 29

The Vertebral artery is ______ to the vein

Answer 29

deep