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APA I > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When were anesthetic gases discovered and who primarily used them

A

Discovered in 1700’s

Upper middle class used recreationally

Medical students used also

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2
Q

Dentists in Connecticut that pioneered use of anesthesia in dentistry

A

Horace Wells

William Morton

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3
Q

Surgeon that used diethyl ether to remove cyst.

Did not document so did not get credit.

A

Crawford long. 1842

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4
Q

Demonstration of the use of ether in Ether Dome in Massachusetts General Hospital by which physician and when

A

William Morton

Oct 16, 1846

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5
Q

What is Letheon?

A

William Morton added red dye to ether in order to patent it and sell it

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6
Q

What is chloroform

A

Much more rapid induction than ether.
Did not cause “ether frolic”
Discovered by James Simpson
Several pt deaths after came into use

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7
Q

Case of Mr Meggison and Hanna Greener

A

Unfortunate surgeon
Unfortunate patient

Pt died very rapidly after several breaths of chloroform.

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8
Q

What where the main problems with anesthesia initially?

A
  • Infection. Minimal concern for sterility.
  • Physicians did not choose to specialize in anesthesiology.
  • Pts did not receive continuous vigilance.
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9
Q

What 2 words define a nurse anesthetist

A

Vigilance

Integrity

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10
Q

First documented nurse anesthetist

A

Sister Mary Bernard
1877
St Vincent’s Hospital, Erie PA

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11
Q

Alice Magaw

A

“Mother of Anesthesia”
Worked at Mayo Clinic
Began to develop different type of anesthesia
Reported 14,000 anesthetics without a single complication

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12
Q

Agatha Hodgins

A

Founder of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetist.
Personal anesthetist of Dr George Crile
Introduced “gas” anesthesia: nitrous oxide/oxygen mix
Set up first school of anesthesia: Lakeside Hospital, SOA Cleveland OH

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13
Q

Gertrude Fife

A

Called for certification of anesthesia graduates

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14
Q

What is TEFRA?

A

Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982

Affect billing.
Seven conditions and anesthesiologist must satisfy to obtain reimbursement of medical direction of CRNAs

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15
Q

ASA Anesthesia care team statement

A

Believes a physician needs to be involved in each case. Not supportive of independent practice.

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16
Q

How many states have no requirement for physician supervision of CRNAs in their medial practice acts?

A

20

17
Q

What are the qualifications and capabilities required for an individual to become a CRNA?

A
  • current/unrestricted state RN license
  • graduation from a nurse anesthesia program accredited by the COA
  • successful completion of the certification exam by the NBCRNA
18
Q

What is the COA?

A

Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Education Programs

19
Q

What is the NBCRNA?

A

National Board on Certification and Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists

20
Q

What are the 3 branches of the government?

A

Judicial branch

Legislative branch

Executive branch

21
Q

Types of law

A
  • criminal law: body of law established to protect society from harm
  • civil law: body of law concerned with private rights and remedies
22
Q

What are some examples of criminal law issues?

A
  • fraudulent insurance claims
  • practicing without a license
  • misuse of controlled substances
23
Q

What are examples of civil law issues?

A
  • malpractice
  • torts
    • intentional tort: assault, battery, false imprisionment
    • unintentional tort: malpractice, negligence
24
Q

Why do we have tort laws?

A
  • to correct a wrong
  • to deter certain activities from taking place
  • to distribute loss
  • to compensate the victim for loss or injury
  • to address a social concern
  • to punish or create and example

*goal is to restore the party that was has suffered damages to the condition that existed before the damage

25
Q

What is negligence?

A

*4 things have to be proven

  • Duty: consent/contract between provider and pt
  • Breech of duty: practitioner did not meet the level required by law. Either an error of commission or error of omission
  • Cause: show connection between negligence and injury
  • Damage: must prove damages occurred
26
Q

What is Res Ipsa Loquitur?

A

“The act speaks for itself”

No other explanation can be made. Burden of proof now on the defendant.

APA I (9 decks)

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