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MBChB II Microbiology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 examples of bacteria that stain red with blue dye due to inorganic phosphates in the cytoplasm

A

Corynebacterium

Acinetobacter

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2
Q

Name virulence factors

A

Ordinary pili, sex pili, glycocalyx, cell wall, flagella, DNA plasmids, siderophores

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3
Q

Protein binds to molecule and chemically modifies it

A

Group translocation

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4
Q

Functions of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

A

Selective permeability, excretion, respiratory chain enzymes, biosynthesis, chemotactic receptors

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5
Q

The cell wall determines what?

A

Gram +/- and shape, strength and osmotic pressure of cell

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6
Q

Which bacteria do not have a successfull gram stain?

A

Intracellular (Chlamydia)

No cell wall (mycoplasma and ureaplasma)

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7
Q

Lipopolysaccharide is found only in ___ cell walls

A

Gram -

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8
Q

Lipopolysaccharide structure

A

Lipid A, core polysaccharide, outer polysaccharide

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9
Q

Endospore examples

A 
Bacilli spp (stringently aerobic)
Clostridium spp (anaerobic)
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10
Q

The biofilm is a ___

A

Polysaccharide matrix

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11
Q

Aerobe examples

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus anthracis

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12
Q

Anaerobe examples

A

Clostridium botulinim

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13
Q

Facultative anaerobes examples

A

Escherichia coli
Shigella dysenteria
Staphylococcus aureus

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14
Q

Microaerophelic

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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15
Q

Generation time

A

Time it takes for bacterial population to double

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16
Q

Exotoxin production occurs during which pase?

A

Log phase

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17
Q

Common strategy of stationary phase?

A

Turn on virulence genes (change conditions or defense against host)

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18
Q

Which compounds inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid?

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

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19
Q

Target for the production of many toxins`

A

Catalysing ADP-ribosylation

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20
Q

In peptidoglycan synthesis, what is the carrier on the cell membrane?

A

Bactoprenol

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21
Q

Peptidoglycan synthesis

A 
UDP
NAM
Bactoprenol
NAG
Long chain
Transpeptidases
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22
Q

Monocistronic

A

Promoter

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23
Q

Polycistronic

A

Operon

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24
Q

Sigma factor helps recognise promoter in ___?

A

Transcription

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25
Start codon
AUG
26
Stop codon
UAA, UAG, UGA
27
Bacterial transcription steps
Initiation: Shine-Dalgarno site near AUG Elongation: Translocation Termination: UAA, UAG, UGA
28
Antimicrobial agent that inhibits unwinding of DNA during replication
Quinolones
29
Antimicrobial agent that inhibit peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis
Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems) | Glycopeptides
30
Antimicrobial agent that inhibits RNA polymerase
Rifampicin
31
Inducible proteins
When lactose is present
32
Constitutive proteins
When glucose is present
33
Primary site of control in prokaryotes?
Transcription
34
These drive prokaryotic gene expression
Promoters
35
Prokaryotic genes are arranged in?
Operons
36
Positive transcription control
A protein binds to the DNA which increases transcription
37
Negative transcription control
A protein binds to the DNA which decreases transcription
38
Induction
Genes get turned on (usually catabolic)
39
Repression
Genes get turned off (usually anabolic)
40
Normal vaginal flora
Lactobacillus
41
Normal intestinal flora
Bacteroides
42
Hyaluronidase
Attacks connective tissue and prevents cell-cell adhesion
43
Collegenase
Attacks collegen (necrotising fascitis, gas gangrene)
44
Which substance allows for toxoid development
Formaldehyde
45
Exotoxin examples
``` Corynebacterium diptheria Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) Streptococcal erythrogenic toxin (group A beta haemolytic strep) Staphyloccus aureus (TSS) Vibrio cholera Staphylococcus food poisoning (enterotoxin A - E) ```
46
Endotoxin example
Lipid A of gram - LPS
47
Obligate intracllular bacteria
Rickettsia Coxiella Brucella spp
48
Facultative intracellular bacteria
Myobacterium Listeria Staphylococcus
49
Example of bacteria with special phagolysosome mechanism
Myobacterium
50
Inducible proteins
When lactose is present
51
Constitutive proteins
When glucose is present
52
Example of mo that coats in human proteins and not recognised
Bilharzia parasites
53
These drive prokaryotic gene expression
Promoters
54
Prokaryotic genes are arranged in?
Operons
55
Positive transcription control
A protein binds to the DNA which increases transcription
56
Negative transcription control
A protein binds to the DNA which decreases transcription
57
Induction
Genes get turned on (usually catabolic)
58
Repression
Genes get turned off (usually anabolic)
59
Normal vaginal flora
Lactobacillus
60
Normal intestinal flora
Bacteroides
61
Hyaluronidase
Attacks connective tissue and prevents cell-cell adhesion
62
Collegenase
Attacks collegen (necrotising fascitis, gas gangrene)
63
Which substance allows for toxoid development
Formaldehyde
64
Exotoxin examples
``` Corynebacterium diptheria Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) Streptococcal erythrogenic toxin (group A beta haemolytic strep) Staphyloccus aureus (TSS) Vibrio cholera Staphylococcus food poisoning (enterotoxin A - E) ```
65
Endotoxin example
Lipid A of gram - LPS
66
Obligate intracllular bacteria
Rickettsia Coxiella Brucella spp
67
Facultative intracellular bacteria
Myobacterium Listeria Staphylococcus
68
Example of bacteria with special phagolysosome mechanism
Myobacterium
69
Relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentus
70
Antigenic heterogeneity
Neisseria meningitidis Vibrio cholera Salmonella
71
Example of mo that coats in human proteins and not recognised
Bilharzia parasites
72
Example of immune injury
Rheumatic fever (host response to microorganism)
73
Examples that code for virulence genes
Plasmids | Bacteriophages
74
Carry out gene integration into bacterial chromosome
Phages
75
Bacteria that are transformation competent
Pneumococci Neisseria Bacillus subtilus
76
Bacteria that require bacteriophages to become pathogenic
``` Vibrio cholera Escherichia coli Clostridium botulinum Corynebacterium diptheria Streptococcus pyogenes ```

MBChB II Microbiology (1 decks)

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