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BIOSCIENCE FOR MIDWIFERY > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries

A

Responsible for production of female gamete (egg/ovum).

Contains millions of follicles which develop into mature follicles each month and release an ovum.

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2
Q

Fallopian Tubes

A

Oviducts that receive ovulated octet and is site for fertilisation by sperm. Finger like projections (fimbriae) collect locate during ovulation and direct into Fallopian tubes.

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3
Q

Uterus

A

Located anterior to rectum and posterosuperior to bladder.
Site of implantation and development of the foetus.
Lined with endometrium that is released monthly as menstruation.

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Junction between vagina and uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Posterior to the urethra
Female organ of compilation
Receiving chamber for sperm
passageway for delivery of baby and menstrual flow.

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6
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Fatty, rounded area anterior to pubic symphysis

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7
Q

Labia Majora

A

Two elongated flaps of skin covered with hair
homologous to scrotum
Sebaceous & sweat glands
Adipose connective tissue.

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8
Q

Labia Minora

A

Two flaps of hairless skin
located medial to labia Majora
Sebaceous glands
No adipose connective tissue

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9
Q

Clitoris

A

Cluster of highly sensory tissue
rich in sensory nerve endings sensitive to touch
Contributes to females sexual arousal.

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10
Q

Fertilisation occurs in?

A

The Fallopian tubes

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11
Q

Newly fertilised egg is called?

A

Zygote

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12
Q

Zygote develops into a ball of cells called?

A

Morula (3days)

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13
Q

The morula develops into a fluid-filled hollow ball of cells called?

A

Blastocyst (4-7days)

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14
Q

The blastocyst is?

A

The developmental stage able to implant into the endometrium of the uterus (6 days)

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15
Q

If implantation does not occur?

A

The unfertilised egg will deteriorate and be expelled with the menstrual flow.

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16
Q

Pelvic floor muscles

A

Are the layer of muscles that support the pelvic organs

17
Q

What are the 3 muscle types?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

18
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

Attached to and cover the skeleton

Voluntary muscle

19
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Exists only in the heart

Involuntary

20
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary
Contractions are slow and sustained
Muscle resistant to fatigue

21
Q

What are the uterine cavity muscles?

A

The Perimetrium
The Myometrium
The Endometrium

22
Q

Explain the Perimetrium?

A

The outer layer

A loosely fit sheath over the uterus to allow for unrestricted growth.

23
Q

Explain the Myometrium?

A

The middle layer
Composed of smooth muscle which is arranged in 3 muscle layers
Has fibres that wrap around blood vessels in a tight network constricting, to expel the foetus and to control bleeding after birth

24
Q

Explain the endometrium?

A

The inner layer. The mucous lining of the uterine cavity and where the fertilised egg will implant an grow.

25
Q

What hormonal influences does oestrogen play in the uterus in pregnancy

A

Promotes the growth of Myometrium muscle

26
Q

What hormonal influences do progesterone play in the uterus in pregnancy?

A

Sustains pregnancy by inhibiting muscular action of the uterus

27
Q

What are the hormones of the female reproductive system?

A 
Oestrogen
Progesterone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
28
Q

What muscles do the Levator Ani include?

A

Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Ischiococcygeus

29
Q

What is effacement?

A

As pregnancy progresses the cervix softens and shortens

30
Q

What are the 4 types of pelvis?

A

Android - triangular or heart shaped
Anthropoid - oval shaped
Gynaecoid - round (most common)
Platypelloid - kidney shaped

31
Q

Where is the fundus located?

A

At the top of the uterine body extending to, but not including, the Fallopian tubes.

32
Q

What are the Levator Ani vital for?

A

Control of bladder and bowel functions

33
Q

What anatomical feature can not be viewed when giving birth?

A

Levator Ani

34
Q

How many classifications does Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) have?

A

3
Grade 1 - clitoris
Grade 2 - clitoris & labia minora
Grade 3 - all external genitalia and stitching of vaginal opening

BIOSCIENCE FOR MIDWIFERY (4 decks)

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