Week 1

Question 1

Alveolar Independence

Answer 1

maintains alveolar potency through the elastic recoil of surrounding alveoli preventing alveolar collapse

Question 2

Right Main Bronchus

Answer 2

contains hyaline cartilage, and is surrounded by the arch of the azygous vein

Question 3

Pulmonary vein

Answer 3

carry oxygenated blood, and are sited inferoposteriorly within the lung root

Question 4

Pulmonary artery

Answer 4

carry deoxygenated blood, and are sited superomedially within the lung root

Question 5

C6 vertebrae

Answer 5

the level at which the lower respiratory tract begins

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

is palpable within the jugular notch

Question 7

Xiphoid process

Answer 7

is an anatomical landmark for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and is palpable reference point that can be used in BEC

Question 8

Azygous vein

Answer 8

carries deoxygenated blood, drains into the SVC and arches round the right lung root (right hand side as SVC on right hand side)

Question 9

Bronchial arteries

Answer 9

arise from the anterior surface of the descending aorta

Question 10

Pulmonary Lymph Nodes

Answer 10

surrounded by vessels, and may appear black on dissection

Question 11

Transmural Pressure gradient

Answer 11

keeps the visceral and parietal pleurae closely opposed and can be overcome by a pneumothorax

Question 12

2nd intercostal space

Answer 12

the site used in decompressing a tension pneumothorax

Question 13

Rib 6

Answer 13

the site of the oblique fissure anteriorly

Question 14

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 14

an accessory muscle of respiration in the neck

Question 15

Diaphragm

Answer 15

a major inspiratory muscle in a sheet

Question 16

Internal intercostals

Answer 16

thoracic muscle involved in active expiration

Question 17

The middle lobe is auscultated

Answer 17

between ribs 4 and 6

Question 18

The lung apex is situated

Answer 18

superior to the clavicle

Question 19

The lung base is auscultates

Answer 19

at T11 vertebrae

Question 20

Bohr effect

Answer 20

the oxygen dissociated curve is shifted right due to conditions in the tissues, meaning more oxygen is released

Question 21

Haldane effect

Answer 21

as )2 is removed from Hb, Hb’s ability to pick up CO2 and CO2 - generated H+ ions is increased

Question 22

Henry’s Law

Answer 22

the amount of a gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid at constant temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

Question 23

Myoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 23

a hyperbolic curve

Question 24

Haemoglobin dissociated curve

Answer 24

a sigmoid curve

Question 25

The Bohr effect on the haemoglobin dissociated curve

Answer 25

a sigmoid curve, shifted right

Question 26

Oral theophylline

Answer 26

a METHYLXANTHINE used as add-on-therapy in asthma. Serum levels must be monitored due to drug to drug interactions

Question 27

Drug used in asthma in which serum levels must be monitored due to drug to drug interactions

Answer 27

Oral Theophylline

Question 28

a CysLT-1 receptor antagonist (anti-leukotriene), used as add-on therapy in asthma

Answer 28

Oral montelukast

Question 29

an anti-inflammatory that can trigger bronchospasm in sensitive individuals

Answer 29

Oral Ibuprofen

Question 30

Inhaled Beclometasone

Answer 30

a synthetic glucocorticoid used to prevent inflammation in chronic asthma

Question 31

Oral prednisolone

Answer 31

a synthetic glucocorticoid used in severe or rapidly deteriorating asthma

Question 32

A weak anti-inflammatory used in allergy asthma, and is particularly useful in children and young adults

Answer 32

Oral theophylline