Week 1 Flashcards
File-Based systems?
collection of application programs that perform services for the end users. each program defines and manages its own data.
Limitations of File-Based approach?
- separation and isolation data
- duplication of data
- Data dependence
- incompatible file formats
- fixed queries of application programs
untuk mengatasi keterbatasan dari file-based maka?
Database approach muncul. Database adalah koleksi bersama dari sejumlah data yang secara logikal berhubungan dan dirancang untuk memenuhi informasi organisasi.
What is Database and Database management system (DBMS)
Database adalah koleksi bersama dari sejumlah data yang secara logikal berhubungan dan dirancang untuk memenuhi informasi organisasi. dan DBMS merupakan sistem software yang memungkinkan user untuk mendefinisikan, menciptakan, memelihara dan menyediakan akses kontrol kedalam database.
Database approach ada 2 jenis?
- Data definition language (DDL)
2. Data manipulation language (DML)
Perbedaan DDL (data definition language) dengan DML (data manipulation language) adalah?
DDL merupakan data yang lengkap yang sudah didefinisi dalam database. bisa dibilang bahwa DDL merupakan file master aslinya. sedangkan DML merupakan hasil data yang didapatkan dari hasil manipulasi DDL. contohnya didalam DDL terdapat records tanggal, bulan dan tahun lahir, makan bisa didapatkan hasil manipulasi umur yang merupakan DML.
Concurrency?
Concurrency is a property of systems in which several computations are executing simultaneously, and potentially interacting with each other.
Components of DBMS environment?
dari kiri ke kanan:
hardware - software - data - procedures - people
hardware: contohnya komputer hingga jaringan dari komputer.
software: DBMS, OS, network software, application programs
Data: used by organization and a description of this data called the schema.
procedures: instruction and rules that should be applied to the design and use of the database and DBMS.
History of database systems?
- first generation: hierarchical and network
- second generation: relational
- third generation: object-relational, object-oriented
Advantages of DBMS?
- Control of data redudancy
- data consistency
- sharing of data
- improved data integrity
- improved security
- increased productivity
- increased concurrency
- improved backup and recovery services
Disadvantages of DBMS?
- complexity
- size
- cost of DBMS
- cost of additional hardware
- cost of conversion
- performance
- higher impact of a failure
Purpose of three-level database architecture?
- all users should be able to access same data
- a user’s view is immune to changes made in other views
- users should not need to know physical database storage details
- internal structure of database should be unaffected by changes to physical aspects of storage.
- DBA should be able to change database storage structures wihout affecting the user’s views
ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture?
- External level:
- users view of the database
- describe part of database that is revelant to a particular user - Conceptual level:
- community view of the database
- describe what data is stored in database and relationship among the data - Internal level:
- physical representation of the database on the computer
- describe how the data is stored in the database
Object-based data models?
- entity-relationship
- semantic
- functional
- object-oriented
record-based data models?
- relational data model
- network data model
- hierarchical data model