Week 1

Question 1

In the pulmonary circulation, the _____ carry blood to the lungs.

SELECTone:

a. carotid sinuses
b. pulmonary arteries
c. coronary arteries
d. superior and inferior vena cavae
e. aorta

Answer 1

b. pulmonary arteries

Question 2

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by

Select one:

a. a thickening of the tunica adventitia.
b. increased elasticity of the tunica media.
c. decreased resistance to blood flow.
d. an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel.
e. thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.

Answer 2

e. thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.

Question 3

CONTINUOUScapillaries

SELECTone:

a. have many thin areas called fenestrae.
b. are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones.
c. have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together.
d. are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries.
e. are characterized by continuous pores.

Answer 3

c. have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together.

Question 4

The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because

Select one:

a. the capillary wall has only two tunics.
b. capillaries have more smooth muscle.
c. capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane.
d. capillaries can constrict or dilate.
e. capillaries are impermeable to all substances.

Answer 4

c. capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane

Question 5

One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to CHECK the pedal pulses. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the

Select one:

a. ankle.
b. wrist.
c. groin.
d. neck.
e. foot.

Answer 5

e. Foot

Question 6

Which coat of an artery contains endothelium?

SELECTone:

a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica adventitia
d. tunica elastica
e. tunica intermedia

Answer 6

a. Tunica Intima

Question 7

In the aorta,

Select one:

a. the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high.
b. the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low.
c. the resistance to blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low.
d. the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low.
e. velocity is diminished because the total cross-sectional area is small.

Answer 7

a. the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high.

Question 8

The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel

Select one:

a. is equal to the blood pressure.
b. is faster in the center of the blood vessel.
c. is most rapid at a bend or turn in the vessel.
d. increases along the walls of the blood vessel.
e. is more rapid along the sides of the vessel.

Answer 8

b. is faster in the center of the blood vessel.

Question 9

Arteriosclerosis RESULTS in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to

SELECTone:

a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. increase, then decrease.
d. decrease, then increase.
e. remain the same.

Answer 9

a. increase.

Question 10

The SYSTEMIC circulation

Select one:

a. carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
b. includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway.
c. includes the aorta and all of its branches.
d. ends in capillaries of the toes.
e. includes blood flow to the body but not the brain.

Answer 10

c. includes the aorta and all of its branches.

Question 11

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, TRAVELS to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?

Select one:

a. arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule
b. capillary, arteriole, artery, vein, venule
c. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
d. vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule
e. artery, venule, capillary, arteriole, vein

Answer 11

c. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

Question 12

Valves similar to semilunar valves are found in some

Select one:

a. arteries.
b. arterioles.
c. capillaries.
d. venules.
e. veins.

Answer 12

e. veins

Question 13

As viscosity of the blood increases,

SELECTone:

a. the pressure required to force it to flow increases.
b. the pressure required to force it to flow decreases.
c. the fluid becomes thinner.
d. the hematocrit decreases.
e. the flow does not change.

Answer 13

a. the pressure required to force it to flow increases.

Question 14

Which of the FOLLOWING acts as a storage area for blood?

Select one:

a. the aorta
b. the veins
c. capillaries
d. arterioles
e. the arteries

Answer 14

b. The veins

Question 15

Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the

Select one:

a. brachiocephalic vein.
b. superior vena cava.
c. portal vein.
d. azygos vein.
e. pulmonary arteries.

Answer 15

b. superior vena cava.

Question 16

In capillary exchange, which of the FOLLOWING statements is true?

SELECTone:

a. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary.
b. Interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma.
c. Constriction of the precapillary sphincter will increase blood pressure in the capillary.
d. Interstitial protein concentration is normally higher than plasma protein concentration.
e. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary enters the lymphatic system.

Answer 16

a. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary.

Question 17

The lining of a capillary is called the

Select one:

a. endothelium.
b. adventitia.
c. pericapillary layer.
d. thoroughfare layer.
e. tunica.

Answer 17

e. Endothelium

Question 18

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the PRIMARY function of

Select one:

a. veins.
b. arteries.
c. arterioles.
d. capillaries.
e. venules.

Answer 18

d. capillaries.

Question 19

In which of the FOLLOWING would you detect a weak pulse?

SELECTone:

a. hypertension
b. hemorrhagic shock
c. fluid excess
d. increased stroke volume
e. a healthy young person

Answer 19

b. hemorrhagic shock

Question 20

SYSTEMICblood vessels transport blood

Select one:

a. from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
b. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
c. from the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
d. from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
e. from the left ventricle to the lungs.

Answer 20

b. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.

Question 21

Which of the FOLLOWING enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?

Select one:

a. the thinness of the capillary wall
b. minimal branching in the capillary bed
c. increased blood velocity through the capillaries
d. the high pressure in the interstitial spaces
e. the stratification of the capillary wall

Answer 21

a. the thinness of the capillary wall

Question 22

From the heart to body tissues, which of the FOLLOWING sequences of vessels is correct?

SELECTone:

a. muscular artery, arteriole, elastic artery, capillary
b. arteriole, muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary
c. elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary
d. elastic artery, arteriole, muscular artery, capillary
e. distributing artery, muscular artery, medium artery, capillary

Answer 22

c. elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary

Question 23

Which of the FOLLOWING best describes arteries?

Select one:

a. strong, rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure
b. thin, elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure
c. elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules
d. fragile vessels that are prone to rupture.
e. strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure.

Answer 23

e. strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure.

Question 24

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure

Select one:

a. relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured.
b. monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure.
c. involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer.
d. relies on hearing Korotkoff’s sounds through a stethoscope.
e. relies on hearing the sounds made by laminar flow of the blood.

Answer 24

d. relies on hearing Korotkoff’s sounds through a stethoscope.

Question 25

When contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true?

SELECTone:

a. Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
b. Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins.
c. Veins have a tunica media while arteries do not.
d. Arteries have valves, but veins do not.
e. Arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not.

Answer 25

b. Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins

Question 26

Which of the FOLLOWING can lead to decreased venous return of blood to the heart?

Select one:

a. damage to the venous valves
b. an increase in venous pressure
c. an increase in blood volume
d. increased muscular activity

Answer 26

a. damage to the venous valves

Question 27

Veins

Select one:

a. carry blood away from the heart.
b. carry blood under very high pressure.
c. may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.
d. are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood.
e. have thick, many layered walls.

Answer 27

c. may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.

Question 28

Which of the FOLLOWING statements about laminar blood flow is true?

Select one:

a. The innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity.
b. Laminar blood flow occurs when blood flows past an area of constriction.
c. The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow.
d. In laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity.
e. It makes lots of different noises.

Answer 28

c. The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow

Question 29

Precapillary sphincters

SELECTone:

a. serve as valves in veins.
b. are found in the tunica media.
c. carry blood under high pressure.
d. control the blood flow into capillary beds.
e. are voluntary structures.

Answer 29

d. control the blood flow into capillary beds

Question 30

Which of the FOLLOWING would lead to relaxation of the precapillary sphincter?

Select one:

a. decreased tissue metabolism
b. decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary
c. decreased carbon dioxide concentration in the capillary bed
d. decreased lactic acid production by cells in the capillary bed
e. decreased nitric acid levels

Answer 30

b. decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary

Question 31

Which of the FOLLOWING statements concerning blood vessel walls is true?

Select one:

a. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall.
b. The tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins.
c. The tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium.
d. Capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media.
e. Vessel diameter is control primarily by the tunica intima.

Answer 31

a. the tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall.

Question 32

Blood pressure is the:

SELECTone:

a. product of the stroke volume times heart rate.
b. number of layers of blood in laminar flow models.
c. measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls. Correct
d. viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow.
e. measure of the volume of the blood.

Answer 32

c. measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.

Question 33

Which of the FOLLOWING would increase resistance to blood flow?

Select one:

a. a decrease in the length of the vessel
b. a decrease in the number of red blood cells
c. a decrease in blood viscosity
d. a decrease in the radius of the vessel
e. a decreased hematocrit.

Answer 33

d. a decrease in the radius of the vessel

Question 34

Distributing arteries

Select one:

a. contain a lot of elastic tissue.
b. contain a thick tunica media.
c. are strong, rigid vessels.
d. transport blood from arterioles to capillaries.
e. do not contain smooth muscle in their walls.

Answer 34

b. contain a thick tunica media.

Question 35

The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the

SELECTone:

a. arterioles.
b. capillaries.
c. elastic arteries.
d. veins.
e. venules.

Answer 35

c. elastic arteries.