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Dysphagia > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of the oral prep phase?

A

create a bolus

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2
Q

What is the goal of the pharyngeal phase?

A

protect the airway and get the bolus into the esophagus

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3
Q

What is the goal of the esophageal phase?

A

get the bolus through the esophagus

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4
Q

How long des the oral pre phase take?

A

variable

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5
Q

How long does the oral phase take?

A

.3-1.5 seconds

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6
Q

How long does the pharyngeal phase take?

A

about 1 seconds

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7
Q

How long does the esophageal phase take?

A

8-20 seconds

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8
Q

What cranial nerves aid in swallowing?

A 
V-Trigeminal
VII-Facial
IX-Glossopharyngeal
X-Vagus
XI-Spinal Accessory
XII-Hypoglossal
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9
Q

How does the trigeminal nerve aid in swallowing?

A
  • important for chewing
  • Motor: controls the tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior digastric
  • Sensory: proprioceptive information about chewing, pain and pressure info, pressure sensation for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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10
Q

What phases of swallowing does the Trigeminal aid in?

A

1, 2, and 3

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11
Q

What does the facial do for swallowing?

A
  • voluntary movement of facial muscles
  • aids in saliva production
  • sensation of of taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue
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12
Q

How does the glossopharyngeal nerve aid in swallowing?

A
  • stylopharyngeus innervation
  • parotid salivary gland
  • sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  • sensation of the pharynx
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13
Q

What phases of swallowing does the glossopharyngeal nerve aid in?

A

1, 2, and 3

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14
Q

How does the vagus nerve aid in swallowing?

A
  • pharyngeal branch: helps with VP closure
  • superior laryngeal branch: pitch, sensation of the laryngeal vestibule (above the VFs)
  • recurrent laryngeal branch: adduction of the VFs, sensation of the laryngeal vestibule below the VFs
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15
Q

How does the spinal accessory aid in swallowing?

A

helps the vagus nerve

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16
Q

What is the name of the three salivary glands?

A

submandibular
sublingual
parotid

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17
Q

What ground of muscles is primarily responsible for laryngeal elevation?

A

extrinsic laryngeal muscles

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18
Q

What are the four suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)
  • mylohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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19
Q

What stabilizes the larynx?

A

when the suprahyoids and infrahyoids work together

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20
Q

What does the digastric muscle do?

A
  • anterior belly: brings the larynx up and forward

- posterior belly: brings the larynx up and back

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21
Q

What does the mylohyoid do?

A

pull the larynx up and forward

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22
Q

What does the stylohyoid do?

A

pulls the larynx up and back

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23
Q

What does the geniohyoid do?

A

pulls the larynx up and forward

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24
Q

What CN innervates the suprahyoid muscles that pull the larynx up and forward?

A

V

*except the geniohyoid

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25
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the suprahyoid muscles that pull the larynx up and back?

A

XII

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26
Q

What CN are all the instrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by?

A

X (mostly the recurrent laryngeal branch)

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27
Q

What are the four functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A
  • adduct
  • abduct
  • tense
  • relax
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28
Q

What three sets of muscles help with VF adduction

A
  • lateral criocarytenoid
  • interarytenoids
  • thyroarytenoid complex
29
Q

What muscle aids in lip closure?

A

orbicularis oris

30
Q

What are the three types of surface muscles around the lips?

A
  • transverse
  • angular
  • vertical
31
Q

What are the four portions of the tongue?

A

tip, blade, dorsum, root

32
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • superior longitudinal
  • inferior longitudinal
  • vertical muscle
  • transverse muscle
33
Q

What does the superior longitudinal muscle do?

A

-causes the tip and sides of the tongue to turn up

34
Q

What des the inferior longitudinal muscle do?

A
  • makes the tongue tip go down and the dorsum to become conves
  • important for mashing food
35
Q

What happens if you engage both the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue?

A

it will lateralize

36
Q

What does the vertical muscle of the tongue do?

A

compresses and flattens the tongue

*assists with BOT-R

37
Q

What does the transverse muscle do?

A

narrows the tongue and makes it ticker

*may help with mashing the bolus

38
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • genioglossus
  • styloglossus
  • palatoglossus
  • hypoglossus
39
Q

What does the genioglossus do?

A

flattens the tongue and pushes the bulk back /g/ /k/

40
Q

What does the styloglossus do?

A

pulls the tongue up and back

41
Q

What does the palatoglossus do?

A

can pull the palate down or the back of the tongue up

42
Q

What does the hyoglossus do?

A

pulls the tongue down and makes the bulk of the tongue go back

43
Q

What are the four muscles used for mastication?

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • internal pterygoids
  • external pterygoids
44
Q

What is the general function of the palate?

A

separate the oral and nasal cavities

45
Q

What are the elevators of the soft palate?

A
  • levator veli palatini (like a sling)

- uvulus (runs in the midline of the soft palate)

46
Q

What is the main tensor of the soft palate?

A

tensor veli palatini

47
Q

Name the pharyngeal constrictors

A
  • superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • middle pharyngeal constrictor
  • inferior pharyngeal constrictor
48
Q

What sits on top of the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

the criocopharyngeus (or UES)

49
Q

What do the pharyngeal constrictors do?

A

creates pressure for the swallow

50
Q

What causes residue?

A

a lack of pressure somewhere in the system

51
Q

What is something that matters in the esophageal phase?

A

viscosity

52
Q

The less thick a material is….

A

the more the esophagus will let in at one time

53
Q

The thicker something is…..

A

the less the esophagus will let in at one time

54
Q

What is different about an infants swallow?

A
  • hyoid bone and larynx sit higher (better airway protection)
  • tongue is relatively large
  • infants do a lot of tongue pumping
  • trigger for the pharyngeal swallow is often based on bolus size
  • better posterior pharyngeal wall movement
55
Q

what are some swallowing differences from infancy-21

A
  • the jaw begins to move downward

- the larynx and pharynx move downward

56
Q

What are some differences in swallowing for old age

A
  • more chewing
  • possible ossification of thyroid cartilage
  • decreased pharyngeal wall flexibility
  • oral stage takes longer
  • pharyngeal stage takes longer
  • more penetration
  • taste and smell are reduced
57
Q

What is the goal of the oral prep phase?

A

create the bolus

58
Q

What are some signs of dysphagia?

A
  • coughing/choking
  • wet vocal quality
  • multiple cases of pneumonia
  • malnourishment
  • unexplained weight loss
  • dehydration
  • pocketed food
  • nasal regurgitation
59
Q

What are symptoms of dysphagia that require equipment to see them?

A
  • penetration
  • aspiration
  • residue/stasis
  • nasal regurgitation
  • backflow
60
Q

What is the first step of a non instrumental evaluation?

A

chart review

61
Q

What are some things to look for on a chart review?

A
  • referral
  • pt diet
  • allergies
  • diabetes
  • history of pneumonia
62
Q

What are examples of thin liquids?

A
  • water
  • coffee
  • juice
  • tea
63
Q

What are examples of nectar-thick liquids?

A
  • agave nectar
  • peach nectar
  • syrup
64
Q

What are some examples of honey-thick liquids?

A

-honey

65
Q

What are some examples of puree consistencies?

A
  • apple sauce
  • pudding
  • yogurt
66
Q

What are some examples of mechanical soft foods?

A
  • diced fruit cup (drained of juice)
  • bananas
  • bread
67
Q

What are some examples of regular solids?

A

graham crackers

68
Q

What is an example of a mixed consistency?

A

cheerios with milk

Dysphagia (4 decks)

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