Week 1/4

Question 1

How many seconds is considered long QT interval?
What arrythmia does it put you at risk for?
What is the treatment?

Answer 1

> 0.45 seconds
Torsades
Beta blocker

Question 2

What is Pyridoxine and what does a deficiency I it look like?
what medication can put you at risk for it

Answer 2

Vitamin B6
Peripheral neuropathy
Can be caused by TB treatment- Isoniazid

Question 3

How many doses of PCV13 are required before 2 years old?
If someone receives PPSV23 what is the dosing schedule?

Answer 3

4 doses of PCV13 <24 months (2,4,6, and 12-15 months at least 8 weeks apart)
Chronic illness or cholear implant- one dose pf PPSV23 (at least 8 weeks after PCV13)
HIV or sickle cell- 2 doses of PPSV23 separated by 5 years

Question 4

Hereditary angioedema
What is the inheritance pattern and what enzyme are they lacking?

Answer 4

Autosomal dominant
Low or non-functional C1 esterase inhibitor

Question 5

differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia

Answer 5

iron deficiency, lead poisoning (basophilic stippling), thalassemia trait (elevation of HbA2), and anemia of chronic disease

Question 6

Physical features of mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1 (a.k.a. Hurler syndrome)

Answer 6

coarse facial features, frequent upper respiratory infections, macrocephaly, hernias, and thickened heart valves.

Question 7

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
What difficency do they have? What are the physical features?

Answer 7

deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. Characteristic features include microcephaly, anteverted nares, ptosis, and cleft palate.

Question 8

What are x-ray findings of avascular necrosis (AVN)
Which chronic disease puts you at risk of it?

Answer 8

irregularity, flattening of the cortical margins, and distortion of the femoral head (or other long bones).

hemoglobinopathies (e.g., sickle cell disease), systemic corticosteroid use, connective tissue disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis [RA], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), and chronic renal disease

Question 9

Symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura [HSP] IgA vasculitis

Answer 9

Palpable lesions on the buttocks and lower extremities, joint pain, and abdominal pain
UA will be abnormal

Question 10

Galactosemia- signs and symptoms

Answer 10

liver dysfunction and jaundice, hepatomegaly, E. coli sepsis, cataracts, urinary ketones, and reducing substances.

Question 11

Spondylolysis vs. Spondylolisthesis
X-ray findings

Answer 11

Spondylolysis- fracture of pars interarticularis due to overuse- stress fracture (often seen on bone scan)
Spondylolisthesis- Forward slippage of one vertebra on another- noticeable lordosis on exam

Question 12

Cardiac complications in infants of mom’s with diabetes

Answer 12

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy- 12%
VSD
Transposition
aortic stenosis

Question 13

McCune- Albright syndrome

Answer 13

precocious puberty, cafe- au lait macules, hyper thyroidism
Also can present with fibrous dysplasia

Question 14

Spiral gram negative organism that is the most common cause of food born diarrhea

Answer 14

Campylobacter jejune (treat with azithromycin)
Can lead to Guillain-Barre- Ascending flaccid paralysis
*Salmonella is a rod-shaped bills

Question 15

What causes Congenital Neutropenia?
What is the typical ANC count?
What does the bone marrow look like?

Answer 15

Autoantibodies to granulocytes
Chronic benign neutropenia
ANC 0-500
Bone marrow will show normal hematopoietic precursors