Week 1 Flashcards
Atomic # or Z
number of protons (retrieve from periodic table)
Mass #
N + Z (neutrons + protons)
isotopes
same # of protons but different # neutrons
alkali metals
group 1 - basic, react with H2O - explosive, exothermic and more reactive as you move down the group
alkaline earth metals
group 2 - basic, but not as reactive as alkaline metals
noble gases
group 8 - full octet, not very reactive
halogens
group 7 - single electron acceptor
transition metals
form bright colored compounds, i.e. copper = green/blue
exceptions to noble gas configurations
Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag, Au (because more stable if shells are half full or full)
s,p,d,f orbitals
s = 2e, p= 6e, d = 10e, f = 14e
paramagnetic
attracted to magnetic field (unpaired electrons)
diamagnetic
slight deflection of magnetic field (all electrons are paired)
*remember electrons like to fill each shell across before pairing up
Quantum #: n
principal - shell - [1….infinity]
Quantum #: l
azimuthal - subshell (type of orbital) - [0…(n-1)]
s = 0, p =1, d=2, f=3
Quantum #ml
magnetic - specific orbital (orientation in space), [-l…+l]
i.e. if l =2; [-2,-1,0,1,2] (typical d orbital has 5 orbitals)
Quantum #: ms
up or down - spin - (-1/2) or (+1/2)
Quantum # format
[n, l, ml, ms]
What forces hold the nucleus together?
strong nuclear force or nuclear binding energy
nuclear symbols
alpha (same as He), p (proton), n (neutron), beta (electron or positron), gamma (gamma ray light)
Stable Nucleus features
- even # protons and/or neutrons
- N/Z ratio ~ 1 for Z= 20 (up to Ca)
- daughter (product) of parent nuclear rxn is more stable due to release in energy
Alpha decay
reduces mass # of large nuclei (Z>83) - product = 4/2 alpha (like helium but not electrons)
Beta (-) decay/emmission
converts neutrons to protons (occurs when N/Z ratio is too high) product = electron or 0/-1 beta
beta (+) decay (positron emmission)
converts proton to neutrons (occurs when N/Z ratio is too low) product = 0/+1 beta
electron capture
converts protons to neutrons (occurs when N/Z ratio is too low) (reactant side = 0/-1 electron)