Week 1-3 Review (neuro)

Question 1

agnosia

Answer 1

inability to recognize familiar objects with one sense (ex: sight)

Question 2

akinesia

Answer 2

inability to initiate movement (common in Parkinson’s)

Question 3

apraxia

Answer 3

inability to perform previously learned task (ideational = doesn’t get it, ideomotor = cannot do the task)

Question 4

asynergia

Answer 4

inability to move muscles together in a coordinated manner

Question 5

athetosis

Answer 5

slow, worm-like, twisting motions (common in CP)

Question 6

causalgia

Answer 6

painful, burning sensations common in CRPS type 1

Question 7

chorea

Answer 7

rapid, involuntary, jerky movements (common in Huntington’s)

Question 8

decorticate rigidity

Answer 8

contraction of UE flexors and LE extensors (damage of motor tracts above red nucleus in midbrain)

Question 9

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 9

impaired rapid alternating movements (common in cerebellar disorders)

Question 10

dysmetria

Answer 10

inability to judge distances (common in cerebellar dysfunction)

Question 11

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 11

drooping of eyelid, constriction of pupil, lack of sweating (damage to sympathetic tract)

Question 12

somatagnosia

Answer 12

lack of awareness of relationship of one’s own body parts or the body parts of others

Question 13

homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 13

damage to optic TRACT (loss of half of visual FIELD)

Question 14

bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 14

damage to optic CHIASM (loss of peripheral vision), tunnel vision

Question 15

monocular blindness

Answer 15

damage to the optic NERVE (loss of vision in one eye)

Question 16

MCA stroke deficits

Answer 16

• MOST COMMON STROKE
• contralateral sensory/motor deficits in FACE and UE
• aphasia (dominant)/perceptual problems (non-dom)
• contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
• main branch –> global aphasia

Question 17

ACA stroke deficits

Answer 17

• sensory/motor deficits in LE
• urinary incontinence
• mental deficits (confusion, amnesia, apathy, short attention span)

Question 18

PCA stroke deficits

Answer 18

• visual deficits (HH, visual agnosia, prosopagnosia)
• aphasia
• thalamic pain syndrome
• hemiplegia if cerebral peduncle involved

Question 19

vertebral-basilar stroke deficits

Answer 19

• locked-in syndrome (quadriparxsis and bulbar palsy) or death from edema
• other symptoms: vertigo, coma, diplopia, nausea, dysphagia, ataxia, cranial nerve impairments

Question 20

anterior inferior cerebellar stroke deficits

Answer 20

• Horner’s syndrome, lateral gaze deficits, unilateral deafness
• contralateral loss of pain and temperature
• vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus

Question 21

superior cerebellar stroke deficits

Answer 21

• severe ataxia
• contralateral loss of pain and temperature
• dysarthria, dysmetria

Question 22

posterior inferior cerebellar stroke deficits

Answer 22

• Wallenberg’s syndrome (vertigo, nausea, hoarseness, dysphasia, ptosis)
• impairment of sensation in ipsilateral face and contralateral torso and limbs
• possible Horner’s syndrome

Question 23

flexion synergy UE

Answer 23

scapular elevation and retraction
shoulder abduction and external rotation
elbow flexion
forearm supination and wrist/finger flexion

Question 24

flexion synergy LE

Answer 24

hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
knee flexion
ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
great toe extension

Question 25

commonalities between flexion and extension synergies

Answer 25

wrist/finger flexion and ankle inversion

Question 26

perceptual problems with R sided stroke

Answer 26

- irritable, poor safety awareness, impulsive | - L neglect, impaired learning, spatial relationships impaired

Question 27

perceptual problems with L sided stroke

Answer 27

- anxious, slow, difficulties initiating, perseveratory | - aphasia, apraxia

Question 28

Ranchos Los Amigos Levels

Answer 28

1. no response 2. general response 3. localized response 4. confused agitation 5. confused inappropriate 6. confused appropriate 7. automatic appropriate 8. purposeful appropriate

Question 29

obtunded

Answer 29

difficult to arouse, may be confused when awake

Question 30

stupor

Answer 30

only able to be aroused with strong, noxious stimuli and returns to unconscious state when stimulation stops

Question 31

three mechanisms of secondary tissue destruction in SCI

Answer 31

ischemia, edema, demyelination/destruction(too much calcium in cells)

Question 32

brown squared syndrome is ___section of spinal cord

Answer 32

hemisection

Question 33

autonomic dysreflexia occurs in SCI above ___

Answer 33

T6

Question 34

heterotrophic bone formation

Answer 34

new bone forms in muscles or connective tissue below SCI lesion (1-4 months after injury)

Question 35

ALS has what motor and sensory symptoms

Answer 35

both upper and lower motor symptoms and little/no sensory symptoms

Question 36

ALS typical presentation

Answer 36

distal to proximal asymmetrical muscle weakness, dysarthria/dysphagia are common presenting signs

Question 37

Bell's palsy

Answer 37

facial nerve paralysis from inflammation. presentation dependent on branch of nerve affected

Question 38

is GBS peripheral or central

Answer 38

peripheral --> flaccid

Question 39

is MS peripheral or central

Answer 39

central --> spastic

Question 40

PD core symptoms

Answer 40

rigidity bradykinesia resting tremor postural instability

Question 41

MS heat or cold intolerance??

Answer 41

heat intolerance

Question 42

two neuromuscular junction disorders (NMJD) -- both are considered acquired

Answer 42

``` myasthenia gravis (postsynaptic) lamber-eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) (presynaptic ```

Question 43

myopathy is proximal or distal??

Answer 43

proximal first

Question 44

polyneuropathy is proximal or distal??

Answer 44

distal first except GBS

Question 45

thalamic pain is a result of what type of stroke?

Answer 45

posterior cerebral artery

Question 46

CRPS 1 vs. CRPS 2

Answer 46

in CRPS 1 there is no nerve injury, in CRPS 2 there is a nerve injury involved

Question 47

radiculalgia

Answer 47

neuralgia of nerve roots

Question 48

myofascial pain syndrome (MPS)

Answer 48

persistent, deep aching pains in muscle nonarticular in origin trigger points

Question 49

fibromyalgia

Answer 49

widespread pain | nonarticular rheumatic disease

Question 50

agonist reversal

Answer 50

resistance through both concentric and eccentric phase (glute bridge)

Question 51

approximation promotes stability or mobility?

Answer 51

stability by stimulating afferent nerves to facilitate postural extensors

Question 52

rhythmic initiation

Answer 52

PROM -> AAROM -> AROM (think scapula)

Question 53

rhythmic stabilization

Answer 53

``` both patterns (agonist and antagonist) *this is what we learned in class ```

Question 54

exteroceptive stimulation

Answer 54

facilitation or inhibition of muscles

Question 55

motor plan vs. program

Answer 55

a motor plan is the overall strategy for movement, made up of multiple Motor programs coordinated

Question 56

flaccid bladders occur at what level

Answer 56

below S2

Question 57

athetoid CP results from

Answer 57

basal ganglia involvement

Question 58

asthenia

Answer 58

general muscle weakness

Question 59

dysmetria

Answer 59

inability to control the range of movement and force of muscular activity

Question 60

dystonia

Answer 60

similar to athetosis but more proximal (axial) movement compared to peripheral