Week 1 - 3 BIOS3065 Flashcards
When does concentric contraction of upper limb muscles occur?
When the muscles is working against gravity
When does an eccentric contraction of the upper limb muscles occur?
When the muscles are working with gravity
When is movement produced?
Movement is produced when a muscle contracts concentrically in isolation
name the 4 roles muscles can play (bonus points if you can describe them)
1) agonist; mover role
2) stabiliser; stabilize one joint so the desired movement can be performed in another joint
3) synergist; cancel out unwanted movement (neutraliser)
4) antagonist; relaxes to allow a movement
What are the 6 movements of the scapula?
1) elevation/depression
2) protraction/retraction
3) lateral (upward) rotation/ medial (downward) rotation –> produces movements at the clavicular joints
How can we increase exercise load without the addition of external load? (bonus points if you can provide an example)
Exercise load can be increased via variation in lever arm and speed
E.g decreasing lever arm of muscles performing the exercise will increase the exercise load + amount of effort
What are the principles of stretching?
1) Target muscle must NOT be active
2) One attachment MUST be fixed
3) Isometric contraction of antagonist (relaxed muscle) of target muscle
- Increases the ‘stretch’ on the target muscle by preventing the stretching force from moving relevant joint
- Increases the inner range strength of this antagonist muscle to be able to achieve gained range
What are the torque producers at the glenohumeral joint during shoulder extension?
1) Latissimus dorsi
2) teres major
3) traps
4) posterior/rear delts
5) long head triceps
What are the stabilisers at the glenohumeral joint during shoulder extension? Explain how the muscle acts as a stabiliser.
Subscapularis - Counterbalances the posterior translation of the head of humerus caused by the extensor muscles
