Week 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are on parasitic fungi?

A

Haustoria

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1
Q

What is produced by asexual and sexual reproduction of fungi?

A

Spore from sexual

Conidia from asexual

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2
Q

Mechanism of polyenes

A

Bind ergosterol creating holes in the membrane

Fungicidal

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3
Q

What are polyenes

A

Amphortericin B and nystatin

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4
Q

Spectrum of polyenes

A

Broad - used for invasive systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients both yeast and molds

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5
Q

Distribution of polyenes

A

Long half life and liposomal form can cross BBB

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6
Q

Adverse effects of polyenes

A

Nystatin is topical

Can bind cholesterol. Decreases renal blood flow 80% of patients have nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

What are the azoles

A

Fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole

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8
Q

Mechanism of azoles

A

Binds fungal p450 enzyme blocking the production of ergosterol. Fungi static

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9
Q

Spectrum of azoles

A

Most widely used and spectrum varies by agent

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10
Q

Distribution of azoles

A

Orally available though acids/pop help with absorption of itraconazole and ketoconazole

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11
Q

Toxicity of azoles

A

Drug-drug interactions hepatotoxicity neurotoxicity and hormone altering. No pregnancy

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12
Q

Resistance of azoles

A

Altered p 450 enzyme

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13
Q

Terbinafine (lamisil) - allylamines mechanism

A

Fungicidal - inhibits squalene epoxidase and leads to accumulation of squalene

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14
Q

Spectrum of terbinafine

A

Dermatophytes

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15
Q

Toxicity of terbinafine

A

It’s topical. Maybe with cyp2d6 substrates

16
Q

Resistance to terbinafine

17
Q

Flucytosine mechanism

A

Messes with DNA and RNA synthesis - fungistatic

18
Q

Spectrum of flucytosine

A

Narrow …yeast candidia albicans and cryptococcus

19
Q

Distribution of flucytosine

A

Oral, penetrates CNS

20
Q

Toxicity of flucytosine

A

Only partially selective for yeast…can lead to bone marrow suppression

21
Q

Resistance of flucytosine

A

Loss of converting enzyme or transporters

22
Q

Mechanism of griseofulvin

A

Binds micro tubules (fungistatic)

23
Q

Spectrum of griseofulvin

A

Dermatophytes

24
Distribution of griseofulvin
Lipids increase oral absorption
25
Toxicity of griseofulvin
Teratogenic (pregnancy)
26
Resistance to griseofulvin
Change in beta tubulin (need to take for months)
27
Caspofungin mechanism
Cell wall inhibitor blocks syn of beta 1,3 glucan polysaccharide Fungistatic aspergillus Fungicidal candida
28
Spectrum of caspofungin
Systemic Candida albicans
29
Distribution of caspofungin
IV, can't penetrate CNS
30
Resistance to caspofungin
Change in 1,3 bgp synthase gene