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Lower Extremity Orthotics III > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What Are the functional components of the foot?

A

Rear foot
Mid foot
Forefoot

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1
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A

Shock absorption
Adaptation to surfaces
Propulsion

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2
Q

True or false

Axis of rotation are perpendicular to the cardinal planes

A

False

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3
Q

True or false

You have simultaneous movement in all three planes?

A

True
All interlocking
If you impact one you impact them all

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4
Q

What are the key Triplanar articulations of the foot?

A 
Talocrural 
Subtalor (STJ)
Midtarsal (MTJ) 
First ray
Fifth ray
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5
Q

What bones make up the talocrural articulation?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Talus

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6
Q

How many degrees of action does the talocrural have for DF

A

12-20 degrees

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7
Q

How many degrees of action does the talocrural have for PF?

A

50-56

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8
Q

What bones make up the articulation for the subtalor joint?

A

Calcaneus

A Talus

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9
Q

What action does the subtalor do?

A

Supination

Pronation

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10
Q

What bones make up the Midtarsal articulation?

A

Composite joint- two joints together
Talus and navicular
Calcaneus and cuboid

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11
Q

What action does the Midtarsal bone do?

A

Two separate axes
Forefoot PF/DF
Forefoot ADD/ ABD

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12
Q

What actions does the first ray perform?

A

PF with eversion

DF with Inversion

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13
Q

The first ray is how many degrees from sagittal and frontal?

A

45 degrees

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14
Q

The fifth ray is how many degrees from transverse and sagittal?

A

Axis = 20 degrees from transverse, 35 degrees from sagittal

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15
Q

What are the actions of the fifth ray?

A

Eversion with PF

Inversion with DF

16
Q

True or false

When the forefoot is neutral it is perpendicular to the calcaneus?

A

True

17
Q

When the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is supinated or inverted what is the position of the forefoot?

A

Forefoot Varus

18
Q

How is Forefoot Varus measured?

A

Measured by middle three rays

1st & 5th may be compensating or have deformity

19
Q

When the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is pronated or everted
What is the position of the forefoot?

A

Forefoot valgus

20
Q

How is forefoot valgus measured?

A

Measured by middle three rays

1st & 5th may be compensating or have deformity

21
Q

If you have a rigid PF 1st Ray deformity what is the position of the calcaneus?

A

Puts calcaneus in Varus

22
Q

If you have forefoot Varus with flexible 1st Ray deformity what is the position of the calcaneus?

A

Puts calcaneus in valgus

23
Q

Transverse rotation internal and external rotation affects what units of the foot?

A 
One unit :
Lower leg
Rearfoot
Mid foot 
Forefoot
24
Q

What are some characteristics of a internal rotatory deformity?

A 
Tibial internal rotation 
Calcaneal valgus 
Mid foot pronation
Forefoot abduction 
Flat footed pes planus 
Medial soles worn out
25
Q

What does Oregonians mean?

A

Walk like a duck

26
Q

What are the characteristics of an external rotatory deformity?

A 
Tibial external rotation 
Mid foot supination
Calcaneal Varus 
Forefoot adduction (pigeon toed)
"High arches"- pes cavus
Susceptible to lateral ankle sprains 
Lateral soles worn out
27
Q

What does IRD do to the knee?

A

Valgus moment at knee
Genu valgum
Medial collateral laxity
Lateral compartment compression

28
Q

What does ERD do to the knee?

A

Varus moment at knee
Genu Varum
Lateral collateral laxity
Medial compartment compression

29
Q

What can cause IRD and ERD deformities?

A 
Boney anomalies 
Joint laxity 
Ligaments and tendons 
Muscle weakness 
Muscle imbalance 
Spasticity 
Hypertonicity
30
Q

What biomechanical tools can orthotists use to correct and control IRD and ERD?

A

Three point force systems and ground reaction forces

31
Q

True or false

With 3 point force systems the longer the lever arm the less force required to correct?

A

True

Lower Extremity Orthotics III (3 decks)

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