Week 1 Flashcards
What Are the functional components of the foot?
Rear foot
Mid foot
Forefoot
What are the functions of the foot?
Shock absorption
Adaptation to surfaces
Propulsion
True or false
Axis of rotation are perpendicular to the cardinal planes
False
True or false
You have simultaneous movement in all three planes?
True
All interlocking
If you impact one you impact them all
What are the key Triplanar articulations of the foot?
Talocrural Subtalor (STJ) Midtarsal (MTJ) First ray Fifth ray
What bones make up the talocrural articulation?
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
How many degrees of action does the talocrural have for DF
12-20 degrees
How many degrees of action does the talocrural have for PF?
50-56
What bones make up the articulation for the subtalor joint?
Calcaneus
A Talus
What action does the subtalor do?
Supination
Pronation
What bones make up the Midtarsal articulation?
Composite joint- two joints together
Talus and navicular
Calcaneus and cuboid
What action does the Midtarsal bone do?
Two separate axes
Forefoot PF/DF
Forefoot ADD/ ABD
What actions does the first ray perform?
PF with eversion
DF with Inversion
The first ray is how many degrees from sagittal and frontal?
45 degrees
The fifth ray is how many degrees from transverse and sagittal?
Axis = 20 degrees from transverse, 35 degrees from sagittal
What are the actions of the fifth ray?
Eversion with PF
Inversion with DF
True or false
When the forefoot is neutral it is perpendicular to the calcaneus?
True
When the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is supinated or inverted what is the position of the forefoot?
Forefoot Varus
How is Forefoot Varus measured?
Measured by middle three rays
1st & 5th may be compensating or have deformity
When the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is pronated or everted
What is the position of the forefoot?
Forefoot valgus
How is forefoot valgus measured?
Measured by middle three rays
1st & 5th may be compensating or have deformity
If you have a rigid PF 1st Ray deformity what is the position of the calcaneus?
Puts calcaneus in Varus
If you have forefoot Varus with flexible 1st Ray deformity what is the position of the calcaneus?
Puts calcaneus in valgus
Transverse rotation internal and external rotation affects what units of the foot?
One unit : Lower leg Rearfoot Mid foot Forefoot
What are some characteristics of a internal rotatory deformity?
Tibial internal rotation Calcaneal valgus Mid foot pronation Forefoot abduction Flat footed pes planus Medial soles worn out
What does Oregonians mean?
Walk like a duck
What are the characteristics of an external rotatory deformity?
Tibial external rotation Mid foot supination Calcaneal Varus Forefoot adduction (pigeon toed) "High arches"- pes cavus Susceptible to lateral ankle sprains Lateral soles worn out
What does IRD do to the knee?
Valgus moment at knee
Genu valgum
Medial collateral laxity
Lateral compartment compression
What does ERD do to the knee?
Varus moment at knee
Genu Varum
Lateral collateral laxity
Medial compartment compression
What can cause IRD and ERD deformities?
Boney anomalies Joint laxity Ligaments and tendons Muscle weakness Muscle imbalance Spasticity Hypertonicity
What biomechanical tools can orthotists use to correct and control IRD and ERD?
Three point force systems and ground reaction forces
True or false
With 3 point force systems the longer the lever arm the less force required to correct?
True
