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Summer U.S. History > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

joint stock company

A

a group of private investors who poole their money to support big projects, economic system used by colonies

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2
Q

royal charter colonies

A

colonies that have to be governed by a governor from England and are not able to create their own government

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3
Q

proprietary charter colonies

A

colonies owned by an individual, the individual has the freedom to create their own government

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4
Q

House of Burgesses

A

assembly formed by colonists in Virginia to make their own laws, 1619

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5
Q

Separatists

A

Puritans who wanted to form their own congregations separate from the Anglican Church

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6
Q

“Salutary Neglect”

A

term used by colonists to describe British policies in an attempt to control the colonies

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7
Q

Quakers

A

objected all political and religious authority and opposed war war as means to settledisputes

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8
Q

Zenger Case

A

first example and set the precedent for the freedom of press

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9
Q

French and Indian War

A

British victory, left England in a lot of debt which caused them to create acts and taxes on the colonists lives and later lead to the American Revolution

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10
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A

after Seven Years War, Indians rebelled in a last effort to push British out of their land

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11
Q

Mercantilism

A

The theory that a state’s power depends on its wealth

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12
Q

Navigation Act

A

All goods shipped to and from colonies be carried on English ships, specific products be sold only to England, staple act - required all colonial imports to come through England

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13
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Colonists cannot expand west past the Appalachian mountains

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14
Q

Colonial assemblies

A

local assemblies elected by the colonists

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15
Q

Power of the purse

A

the ability of one group to control another by withholding funding or putting stipulations on the use of funds

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16
Q

Enlightenment

A

Movement in the 1700s that promoted thoughts about the government and their people

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17
Q

Indentured servants

A

An individual who contracts to work for a colonist for a specified number of years in exchange for transportation to the colonies, food, shelter, and clothing

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18
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

1688; a successful revolution where King James II stepped down from power and vacated the thrown for Mary and William of Orange, parliament issued the English Bill of Rights which protected freedom of speech and banned excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

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19
Q

Sugar Act

A

raised taxes on imports of raw sugar and molasses, silk, wine, coffee, and indigo

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20
Q

Stamp Act

A

required stamps to be bought and placed on most written materials, first direct tax

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21
Q

Declaratory Act

A

declaration that British had total control over American colonists

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22
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Rebel group lead by Samuel Adams

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23
Q

virtual representation

A

idea that each member of Parliament represented the entire empire even when only a remote few can be a Parliament official

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24
Q

direct representation

A

each representative’s vote is weighted in proportion to the number of citizens who have chosen that candidate to represent them

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25
townshed acts
put customs duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea and gave customs officers new powers to arrest smugglers
26
stamp act congress
first congress of the American colonies, purpose was to devise a unified protest against British taxes
27
committees of correspondance
committee organized in each colony to communicate with and unify the colonies
28
Boston Massacre
colonists patronizing British officers and lead to the British opening fire on the colonists, began fire against the British and lead the way to the American Revolution
29
writs of assistance
a written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement officer to preform a certain task
30
Sam Adams
leader of the sons of liberty, leader of resistance
31
John Hancock
leader of Massachusetts militia and secret assemblies
32
Paul Revere
made engraving of Boston Massacre and messenger
33
Tea Act
created favorable business for the struggling East India Company
34
Boston Tea Party
raid of ships carrying cargo of tea where radicals dumped crates of tea into Boston Harbor
35
Intolerable Acts
(Coercive Acts) closed Boston port, expanded power of British governor, banned town meetings, stationed more troops in Boston
36
First Continental Congress
55 delegates from 12 colonies except Georgia decided to boycott British goods and agreed to meet again if British command does not improve
37
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Massachusetts, minutemen met British army in Lexington to stop them form going into Concord: "shot heard round the world", when British army arrived at Concord, the arms and supplies were gone
38
Battle of Bunker Hill
Massachusetts, British victory: "don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes"
39
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
1776, pamphlet that persuasively argued that King George III, and not Parliament, was responsible for British actions against the colonies
40
Second Continental Congress
1775 sent King George the Olive Branch Petition which urged the King to resolve their differences peacefully
41
John Adams
helped Thomas Jefferson edit the Declaration of Independance
42
George Washington
in charge of continental army
43
Thomas Jefferson
wrote the Declaration of Independence
44
Declaration of Independence
document where the colonies dissolved ties with Britain, written by Thomas Jefferson
45
Loyalists / Torres
people who remained loyal to Britain
46
Patriots
people who rebelled against Britain and favored the creation of a new country
47
Northwest Ordinance
plan for selling and governing lands west of the Appalachian Mountains
48
Land Ordinance
lands were to be divided into 10 separate states
49
Articles of Confederation
first draft of a government for the United States of America and proved to be unproductive and problematic
50
Shay's Rebellion
Daniel Shays lead 1200 followers to revolt against high taxes, proved the weakness of the Articles of Confederation
51
James Madison
master builder of the framework of the Constitution, proposed Virginia Plan
52
Constitutional Convention
1787, every state except Rhode Island sent delegates (55) decided to abandon Articles of Confederation and draft a new constitution
53
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist and delegate at the Constitutional Convention
54
George Mason
Anti Federalist and delegate at the Constitutional Convention
55
John Jay
responsible for many compromises
56
Federalists
favored ratification, separation of powers, Federalist Papers, support of George Washington
57
Anti-Federalists
opposed ratification, Bill of Rights
58
Federalists Paper
series of 85 essays written to explain the reasons why the Constitution should be ratified
59
Bill of Rights
ensures specific rights of the people
60
Arts 1, 2, 3 of Constitution
1. Legislative, 2. Executive, 3. Judicial
61
Federalism
political system in which power is divided between national and state governments
62
reserved powers
not specifically given to the national government so therefore reserved for the states
63
delegated powers
given exclusive to the national government
64
concurrent powers
shared by both the national and state governments
65
republican government
government based on representation rather than direct voting

Summer U.S. History (2 decks)

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