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Summer U.S. History > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

joint stock company

A

a group of private investors who poole their money to support big projects, economic system used by colonies

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2
Q

royal charter colonies

A

colonies that have to be governed by a governor from England and are not able to create their own government

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3
Q

proprietary charter colonies

A

colonies owned by an individual, the individual has the freedom to create their own government

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4
Q

House of Burgesses

A

assembly formed by colonists in Virginia to make their own laws, 1619

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5
Q

Separatists

A

Puritans who wanted to form their own congregations separate from the Anglican Church

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6
Q

“Salutary Neglect”

A

term used by colonists to describe British policies in an attempt to control the colonies

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7
Q

Quakers

A

objected all political and religious authority and opposed war war as means to settledisputes

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8
Q

Zenger Case

A

first example and set the precedent for the freedom of press

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9
Q

French and Indian War

A

British victory, left England in a lot of debt which caused them to create acts and taxes on the colonists lives and later lead to the American Revolution

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10
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A

after Seven Years War, Indians rebelled in a last effort to push British out of their land

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11
Q

Mercantilism

A

The theory that a state’s power depends on its wealth

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12
Q

Navigation Act

A

All goods shipped to and from colonies be carried on English ships, specific products be sold only to England, staple act - required all colonial imports to come through England

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13
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Colonists cannot expand west past the Appalachian mountains

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14
Q

Colonial assemblies

A

local assemblies elected by the colonists

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15
Q

Power of the purse

A

the ability of one group to control another by withholding funding or putting stipulations on the use of funds

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16
Q

Enlightenment

A

Movement in the 1700s that promoted thoughts about the government and their people

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17
Q

Indentured servants

A

An individual who contracts to work for a colonist for a specified number of years in exchange for transportation to the colonies, food, shelter, and clothing

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18
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

1688; a successful revolution where King James II stepped down from power and vacated the thrown for Mary and William of Orange, parliament issued the English Bill of Rights which protected freedom of speech and banned excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

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19
Q

Sugar Act

A

raised taxes on imports of raw sugar and molasses, silk, wine, coffee, and indigo

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20
Q

Stamp Act

A

required stamps to be bought and placed on most written materials, first direct tax

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21
Q

Declaratory Act

A

declaration that British had total control over American colonists

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22
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Rebel group lead by Samuel Adams

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23
Q

virtual representation

A

idea that each member of Parliament represented the entire empire even when only a remote few can be a Parliament official

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24
Q

direct representation

A

each representative’s vote is weighted in proportion to the number of citizens who have chosen that candidate to represent them

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25
Q

townshed acts

A

put customs duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea and gave customs officers new powers to arrest smugglers

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26
Q

stamp act congress

A

first congress of the American colonies, purpose was to devise a unified protest against British taxes

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27
Q

committees of correspondance

A

committee organized in each colony to communicate with and unify the colonies

28
Q

Boston Massacre

A

colonists patronizing British officers and lead to the British opening fire on the colonists, began fire against the British and lead the way to the American Revolution

29
Q

writs of assistance

A

a written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement officer to preform a certain task

30
Q

Sam Adams

A

leader of the sons of liberty, leader of resistance

31
Q

John Hancock

A

leader of Massachusetts militia and secret assemblies

32
Q

Paul Revere

A

made engraving of Boston Massacre and messenger

33
Q

Tea Act

A

created favorable business for the struggling East India Company

34
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

raid of ships carrying cargo of tea where radicals dumped crates of tea into Boston Harbor

35
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

(Coercive Acts) closed Boston port, expanded power of British governor, banned town meetings, stationed more troops in Boston

36
Q

First Continental Congress

A

55 delegates from 12 colonies except Georgia decided to boycott British goods and agreed to meet again if British command does not improve

37
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

Massachusetts, minutemen met British army in Lexington to stop them form going into Concord: “shot heard round the world”, when British army arrived at Concord, the arms and supplies were gone

38
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

Massachusetts, British victory: “don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes”

39
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

1776, pamphlet that persuasively argued that King George III, and not Parliament, was responsible for British actions against the colonies

40
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

1775 sent King George the Olive Branch Petition which urged the King to resolve their differences peacefully

41
Q

John Adams

A

helped Thomas Jefferson edit the Declaration of Independance

42
Q

George Washington

A

in charge of continental army

43
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

wrote the Declaration of Independence

44
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

document where the colonies dissolved ties with Britain, written by Thomas Jefferson

45
Q

Loyalists / Torres

A

people who remained loyal to Britain

46
Q

Patriots

A

people who rebelled against Britain and favored the creation of a new country

47
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

plan for selling and governing lands west of the Appalachian Mountains

48
Q

Land Ordinance

A

lands were to be divided into 10 separate states

49
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

first draft of a government for the United States of America and proved to be unproductive and problematic

50
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Daniel Shays lead 1200 followers to revolt against high taxes, proved the weakness of the Articles of Confederation

51
Q

James Madison

A

master builder of the framework of the Constitution, proposed Virginia Plan

52
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

1787, every state except Rhode Island sent delegates (55) decided to abandon Articles of Confederation and draft a new constitution

53
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Federalist and delegate at the Constitutional Convention

54
Q

George Mason

A

Anti Federalist and delegate at the Constitutional Convention

55
Q

John Jay

A

responsible for many compromises

56
Q

Federalists

A

favored ratification, separation of powers, Federalist Papers, support of George Washington

57
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

opposed ratification, Bill of Rights

58
Q

Federalists Paper

A

series of 85 essays written to explain the reasons why the Constitution should be ratified

59
Q

Bill of Rights

A

ensures specific rights of the people

60
Q

Arts 1, 2, 3 of Constitution

A
  1. Legislative, 2. Executive, 3. Judicial
61
Q

Federalism

A

political system in which power is divided between national and state governments

62
Q

reserved powers

A

not specifically given to the national government so therefore reserved for the states

63
Q

delegated powers

A

given exclusive to the national government

64
Q

concurrent powers

A

shared by both the national and state governments

65
Q

republican government

A

government based on representation rather than direct voting

Summer U.S. History (2 decks)

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