Week 1 Flashcards
If someone has a hx of chewing tobacco…what are some things you might be concerned about?
Mouth, tongue, cheek, gum, & throat cancer
Stomach & esophagus cancer
Usual effects of nicotine
higher chance of squamous cell carcinomas.
T/F Head & Neck tumors & thyroid cancers are usu familial.
False. Thyroid cancer is. Head & Neck tumors are not.
If somebody has a lump near his jaw & is really stressed…what might you put on your differential?
maybe this person is grinding their teeth
maybe they have TMJ or something.
This is usu associated with pain, however, which our pt doesn’t have.
What’s the first part of the PE?
general appearance
If the man’s lump were red & tender…what might that indicate?
most likely an inflammatory process
but it could be non-inflammation based…& just rapidly growing.
Measurements should be done in which units?
SI units
What does it mean when a mass is well-circumscribed?
you can feel the edges
So…we think that our pt has a parotid gland issue b/c the mass is so large. If it were a lymph node problem what would we find?
the mass would be smaller, more tender & well-circumscribed
What are the major salivary glands?
parotid gland
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
Describe the secretions of the parotid gland.
makes up 30% of the saliva
primarily serous secretion
Describe the secretions of the submandibular gland.
makes up 60% of the saliva
primarily mixed seromucous secretions
Describe the secretions of the sublingual gland.
makes up 10% of the saliva.
primarily mucous secretions
What is the primary fcn of saliva?
moistening & lubrication of food
initial digestion of carbs & lipids
speech & enunciation
What are some additional fcns of salivary glands?
immunological fcn-secrete IgA & lysozymes
*prevent overgrowth of flora & tooth decay
What is the problem with dehydration?
it can lead to salivary gland disease.
What is Sialolithiasis?
a disease process involving the formation of calculi in the ducts of salivary glands, which prevents drainage of the gland
**sialoliths are stones that block the flow of saliva
Which glands usu get sialoliths?
usu the submandibular gland
sometimes the parotid gland
Why do sialoliths form?
the pH or viscosity of saliva and the anatomy of the duct
- *submandibular gland has an alkaline secretion
- *happens with decreased saliva (from meds or conditions or reduced food intake)
Where does the submandibular gland drain?
drains into Wharton’s duct
What are the possible treatments for sialolithiasis?
increasing saliva
sialolithotripsy
surgically or endoscopically removing the entire gland.
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) exits the skull via the ________ , and runs just anterior to the ______. The first extracranial branch is the __________, which gives some motor innervation to the outer ear, and other motor branches go off to the posterior belly of the diagastric muscle and the stylohyoid muscle. The motor root of the facial nerve then crosses through the parotid gland, where it gives off 5 terminal branches that innervate the facial expression muscles:
stylomastoid foramen
outer ear
posterior auricular nerve
What are the 5 terminal branches for facial expression? What do they innervate?
- Temporal branch: innervates the frontalis, orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii
- Zygomatic branch: innervates the orbicularis oculi
- Buccal branch: innervates the orbicularis oris, buccinator and zygomaticus muscles
- Mandibular branch: innervates the mentalis muscle
- Cervical branch: innervates the platysma
What causes incomplete eye closure in our patient?
caused by decreased innervation to Orbicularis oculi by the zygomatic branch of facial nerve.
What might our pt’s lip movement be messed up?
both the buccal branch and mandibular branch of facial nerve
What might our pt’s forehead muscles be messed up?
controlled by the temporal branch of facial nerve which innervates the frontalis muscle.
Why might there be reduced left mid face & jaw line sensory innervation?
V2 Maxillary nerve and V3 Mandibular nerve. Their final branches are the intraorbital branch, which exits the infraorbital foramen while the mental branch exits the mental foramen
Why might the pt have difficulty chewing?
V3 is involved in innervating the muscles of mastication
