Week 1 & 2 TWCD

Question 1

defines globalization as an increase in interconnectedness and interdependence between people and countries.

Answer 1

The World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 2

frames globalization as the shrinking of the world, where distances are getting shorter, making interactions across the globe easier.

Answer 2

Thomas Larsson (2001)

Question 3

critiques globalization, seeing it as a modern form of colonialism, perpetuating
regression and destabilization.

Answer 3

Martin Khor

Question 4

takes a broader approach, defining globalization as the onset of a borderless world.

Answer 4

Ohmae (1992)

Question 5

emphasizes the internationalization of production, new labor divisions, and migratory movements, with states acting as agencies of globalization.

Answer 5

Robert Cox

Question 6

describes globalization as a process involving multidirectional flows of people, objects, and information.

Answer 6

George Ritzer (2015)

Question 7

highlights the growing awareness of the world as a unified whole.

Answer 7

Robertson (1992)

Question 8

focus on globalization as the incorporation of people into a single world society, living in a borderless community.

Answer 8

Albrow and King (1990)

Question 9

Barriers that limit the movement of people, goods, and ideas.

Answer 9

Solidity

Question 10

Ease of movement and flow, exemplified by things like the stock market or social
media.

Answer 10

Liquidity

Question 11

The movement of people, goods, and information, highlighting how global limitations are becoming more porous.

Answer 11

Flows

Question 12

Refers to the increasing similarity of cultures, economies, and political systems worldwide. Examples include the spread of Christianity by colonists, Americanization, and McDonaldization.

Answer 12

Homogeneity

Question 13

Emphasizes cultural diversity and hybridization resulting from interactions between different societies.

Answer 13

Heterogeneity

Question 14

When dominant powers impose their cultural norms on others.

Answer 14

Cultural Imperialism

Question 15

The blending of local and global cultures to create unique practices.

Answer 15

Cultural Hybridization

Question 16

Cultures are radically altered by strong global influences, leading to uniformity.

Answer 16

Cultural Convergence

Question 17

It aligns with neoliberalism, promoting self-regulating
markets as the basis for global order.

Answer 17

Globalization integrates markets

Question 18

Market forces and technological innovations make global
integration irreversible.

Answer 18

Globalization is inevitable

Question 19

Globalization is leaderless, driven by market forces, as
emphasized by Robert Hormats (1998) and Thomas Friedman (1999).

Answer 19

No one controls globalization

Question 20

It is seen as expanding trade, raising living standards, and
promoting technological innovation and skilled job creation.

Answer 20

Globalization benefits everyone

Question 21

Economic development is linked to successful democracy, as
stated by Francis Fukuyama (2000) and Hillary Clinton (1999).

Answer 21

Globalization spreads democracy

Question 22

Cultures remain fundamentally different, despite global flows.

Answer 22

Cultural Differentialism

Question 23

Cultures blend, creating unique outcomes (e.g., glocalization).

Answer 23

Cultural Hybridization

Question 24

Global flows lead to cultural uniformity, with strong influences
homogenizing different societies.

Answer 24

Cultural Convergence

Question 25

International organizations and regimes that set global rules and norms.

Answer 25

Macro level

Question 26

Countries compete in different product markets.

Answer 26

Meso level

Question 27

Resistance to globalization by activists and consumer groups.

Answer 27

Micro level

Question 28

Nations’ mobility in the core, semi-periphery, or
periphery is determined by their integration into the capitalist world economy.

Answer 28

World-Systems Theory (Wallerstein, Arrighi)

Question 29

Wealthy, with powerful institutions and alliances (e.g., Japan, US, Germany).

Answer 29

Core Countries

Question 30

Industrializing nations that are mostly capitalist (e.g., Brazil, China,
India).

Answer 30

Semi-Periphery Countries

Question 31

Less developed nations that contribute natural resources and labor to the global system but are often exploited (e.g., Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Ethiopia).

Answer 31

Periphery Countries

Question 32

Involves extracting raw materials from the environment (e.g., farmers, miners)

Answer 32

Primary Sector

Question 33

Transforms raw materials into manufactured goods (e.g., petroleum
refineries).

Answer 33

Secondary Sector

Question 34

Focuses on services rather than goods (e.g., education, transportation).

Answer 34

Tertiary Sector

Question 35

First global system to control exchange rates via fixed values pegged to gold.

Answer 35

Bretton Woods System

Question 36

National currencies expressed in terms of gold or its value.

Answer 36

Currency pegged to gold

Question 37

Each country required to have a central authority (e.g., central banks or
national treasuries).

Answer 37

Monetary Authorities

Question 38

Founded to oversee exchange rates.

Answer 38

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 39

Eliminated trade restrictions between member nations.

Question 40

Established as the global reserve currency.

Answer 40

US Dollar

Question 41

Aims to reduce tariffs and promote
international trade liberalization.

Question 42

Further liberalizes trade by reducing trade barriers globally,
based on neoliberal economic principles.

Answer 42

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 43

Oversees exchange rates, balance of payments, and
international capital flows, while monitoring macroeconomic policies.

Answer 43

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 44

Provides financial assistance to middle-income and poorer nations, focusing
on government-backed projects.

Answer 44

World Bank (WB)

Question 45

A political and economic alliance fostering European integration through
common policies and the Euro currency.

Answer 45

European Union (EU)

Question 46

Coordinates petroleum policies among
member states and provides economic aid.

Answer 46

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Question 47

An international body that sets technical standards
for global goods and services, ensuring quality control across markets.

Answer 47

International Standard Organization (ISO)