Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

patho 1 year 2 sem 2 > Week 1-2 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 1-2 Pharmacology Flashcards

medication memorization

1
Q

What is the classification of Morphine?

A

Opioid Analgesic

Morphine is primarily used for pain management.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the indications for Morphine.

A
  • Management of severe acute and chronic pain
  • Post-surgical pain
  • Cancer-related pain
  • Pain from myocardial infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Morphine?

A

Morphine binds to and activates mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system, altering the perception and response to pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the nursing implications for administering Morphine?

A
  • Monitor pain intensity and relief
  • Regularly assess respiratory status
  • Observe for signs of opioid overdose
  • Inform patients about potential side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the classification of Diltiazem?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker (Non-Dihydropyridine)

Diltiazem is used for managing hypertension and angina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the indications for Diltiazem.

A
  • Management of hypertension
  • Angina pectoris
  • Certain arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation or flutter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Diltiazem?

A

Diltiazem inhibits the influx of calcium ions during membrane depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the nursing implications for Diltiazem?

A
  • Monitor blood pressure and heart rate
  • Assess for signs of heart failure
  • Watch for signs of bradycardia or hypotension
  • Advise patients to report dizziness or swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the classification of Amlodipine?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker (Dihydropyridine)

Amlodipine is mainly used for hypertension and chronic stable angina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the indications for Amlodipine.

A
  • Treatment of hypertension
  • Chronic stable angina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Amlodipine?

A

Amlodipine inhibits the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the nursing implications for Amlodipine?

A
  • Monitor blood pressure and heart rate
  • Assess for signs of peripheral edema
  • Observe for hypotension
  • Inform patients about dizziness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the classification of Nitroglycerin?

A

Nitrate Vasodilator

Nitroglycerin is used for angina relief and heart failure management.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the indications for Nitroglycerin.

A
  • Acute relief of angina pectoris
  • Prophylaxis of angina
  • Management of heart failure associated with myocardial infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Nitroglycerin?

A

Nitroglycerin converts to nitric oxide, leading to relaxation of vascular smooth muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the nursing implications for Nitroglycerin?

A
  • Evaluate chest pain characteristics
  • Monitor blood pressure and heart rate
  • Educate patients on proper use
  • Watch for hypotension and reflex tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the classification of Metoprolol?

A

Beta-1 Selective Adrenergic Blocker

Metoprolol is used for hypertension and heart failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the indications for Metoprolol.

A
  • Management of hypertension
  • Angina pectoris
  • Heart failure
  • Myocardial infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metoprolol?

A

Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the nursing implications for Metoprolol?

A
  • Monitor blood pressure and heart rate
  • Assess for signs of heart failure
  • Observe for bradycardia and hypotension
  • Advise against abrupt discontinuation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the classification of Enalapril?

A

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor

Enalapril is used for hypertension and heart failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List the indications for Enalapril.

A
  • Treatment of hypertension
  • Symptomatic heart failure
  • Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Enalapril?

A

Enalapril inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme, preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the nursing implications for Enalapril?

A
  • Monitor blood pressure and renal function
  • Watch for signs of angioedema
  • Monitor for hyperkalemia
  • Inform patients about persistent cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the classification of Sacubitril/Valsartan?
Combination of Neprilysin Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) ## Footnote This combination is used for chronic heart failure management.
26
What is the classification of Digoxin?
Cardiac Glycoside ## Footnote Digoxin is primarily used for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
27
List the indications for Digoxin.
* Management of mild to moderate heart failure * Control of ventricular response rate in chronic atrial fibrillation
28
What is the mechanism of action of Digoxin?
Digoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in myocardial cells.
29
What are the nursing implications for Digoxin?
* Monitor apical pulse before administration * Regularly check serum digoxin levels * Educate patients on signs of toxicity
30
What is the classification of Amiodarone?
Class III Antiarrhythmic ## Footnote Amiodarone is used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
31
List the indications for Amiodarone.
* Treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias * Management of supraventricular arrhythmias
32
What is the mechanism of action of Amiodarone?
Amiodarone prolongs the action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue.
33
What are the nursing implications for Amiodarone?
* Monitor cardiac rhythm continuously during IV administration * Assess liver and thyroid function tests * Educate patients on sun exposure precautions
34
What is the classification of Clopidogrel?
P2Y12 Platelet Inhibitor ## Footnote Clopidogrel is used for reducing atherosclerotic events.
35
List the indications for Clopidogrel.
* Reduction of atherosclerotic events * Management of acute coronary syndrome
36
What is the mechanism of action of Clopidogrel?
Clopidogrel selectively inhibits the binding of ADP to its platelet receptor.
37
What are the nursing implications for Clopidogrel?
* Monitor for signs of bleeding * Assess platelet counts periodically * Educate patients on reporting unusual bleeding
38
What is the classification of Ticagrelor?
P2Y12 Platelet Inhibitor ## Footnote Ticagrelor is used for preventing thrombotic events.
39
List the indications for Ticagrelor.
* Prevention of thrombotic events in acute coronary syndrome * History of myocardial infarction
40
What is the mechanism of action of Ticagrelor?
Ticagrelor reversibly binds to the ADP P2Y12 receptor on platelets.
41
What are the nursing implications for Ticagrelor?
* Monitor for signs of bleeding and dyspnea * Regularly assess renal and hepatic function * Educate patients on adherence to therapy
42
What is the classification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)?
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID); Antiplatelet Agent ## Footnote Aspirin is used for various indications including pain relief and prevention of thrombotic events.
43
List the indications for Aspirin.
* Prophylaxis of transient ischemic attacks and myocardial infarction * Treatment of mild to moderate pain * Reduction of inflammation and fever
44
What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin?
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 enzymes.
45
What are the nursing implications for Aspirin?
* Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal distress * Assess liver and renal function * Educate patients to take with food
46
What is the classification of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA): Alteplase?
Thrombolytic Agent ## Footnote Alteplase is used for acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.
47
List the indications for Alteplase.
* Acute ischemic stroke * Acute myocardial infarction * Pulmonary embolism * Clearance of occluded central venous access devices
48
What is the mechanism of action of Alteplase?
Alteplase is a recombinant form that activates plasminogen to plasmin, leading to clot dissolution.
49
What is the classification of Heparin?
Anticoagulant ## Footnote Heparin is used for prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders.
50
List the indications for Heparin.
* Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism * Pulmonary embolism * Atrial fibrillation with embolization
51
What is the mechanism of action of Heparin?
Heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin III, inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa.
52
What are the nursing implications for Heparin?
* Monitor activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) * Observe for signs of bleeding * Educate patients about regular blood monitoring
53
What is the classification of Warfarin?
Vitamin K Antagonist ## Footnote Warfarin is used for anticoagulation in various thromboembolic disorders.
54
List the indications for Warfarin.
* Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis * Pulmonary embolism * Thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation
55
What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin?
Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent synthesis of clotting factors.
56
What are the nursing implications for Warfarin?
* Monitor International Normalized Ratio (INR) * Assess for signs of bleeding * Educate patients on vitamin K intake
57
What is the classification of Protamine Sulfate?
Heparin Antagonist ## Footnote Protamine is used for reversing heparin anticoagulation.
58
What are the indications for Protamine Sulfate?
* Reversal of heparin-induced anticoagulation during medical procedures
59
What is the mechanism of action of Protamine Sulfate?
Protamine sulfate binds to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effect.
60
What are the nursing implications for Protamine Sulfate?
* Monitor for signs of allergic reactions * Assess for effective reversal of anticoagulation * Educate patients about the need for monitoring
61
What is the classification of Furosemide?
Loop Diuretic ## Footnote Furosemide is commonly used for its diuretic properties.
62
What are the indications for Furosemide?
* Management of edema associated with congestive heart failure * Treatment of hypertension * Liver cirrhosis * Renal disease ## Footnote Furosemide is often prescribed for various conditions involving fluid retention.
63
What is the mechanism of action of Furosemide?
Inhibits the Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle ## Footnote This action results in increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water.
64
What nursing implications should be considered when administering Furosemide?
* Monitor fluid status * Regularly check electrolyte levels, especially potassium * Advise patients to report signs of electrolyte imbalance ## Footnote Monitoring is crucial to prevent complications from diuretic therapy.
65
What is the classification of Hydrochlorothiazide?
Thiazide Diuretic ## Footnote Hydrochlorothiazide is commonly used to treat hypertension.
66
What are the indications for Hydrochlorothiazide?
* Treatment of hypertension * Management of edema associated with congestive heart failure * Hepatic cirrhosis * Renal dysfunction ## Footnote It is frequently prescribed for fluid retention and blood pressure control.
67
What is the mechanism of action of Hydrochlorothiazide?
Inhibits the Na⁺-Cl⁻ symporter in the distal convoluted tubule ## Footnote This leads to increased excretion of sodium and water.
68
What should be monitored when administering Hydrochlorothiazide?
* Blood pressure * Fluid status * Electrolyte levels, particularly potassium and sodium ## Footnote Regular assessment helps manage potential side effects.
69
What is the classification of Spironolactone?
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic; Aldosterone Antagonist ## Footnote Spironolactone is unique for its potassium-sparing effects.
70
What are the indications for Spironolactone?
* Management of edema associated with congestive heart failure * Treatment of hypertension * Primary hyperaldosteronism * Hypokalemia ## Footnote It is often used in conditions that cause fluid overload.
71
What is the mechanism of action of Spironolactone?
Competitively inhibits aldosterone receptors in the distal nephron ## Footnote This leads to increased sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium.
72
What nursing implications should be considered for Spironolactone?
* Evaluate for signs of hyperkalemia * Regularly monitor electrolyte levels, particularly potassium * Advise patients to avoid potassium-rich foods ## Footnote Monitoring is essential to prevent hyperkalemia.
73
What is the classification of Alteplase?
Thrombolytic Agent ## Footnote Alteplase is used primarily for acute thrombotic events.
74
What are the indications for Alteplase?
* Treatment of acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours * Management of acute myocardial infarction * Treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism ## Footnote It is critical for rapidly dissolving clots in emergency situations.
75
What is the mechanism of action of Alteplase?
Binds to fibrin in a thrombus and converts plasminogen to plasmin ## Footnote This initiates fibrinolysis, dissolving the clot.
76
What nursing implications should be considered when administering Alteplase?
* Conduct a thorough history to rule out contraindications * Continuously monitor for signs of bleeding * Assess neurological status frequently when used for stroke ## Footnote Close monitoring is essential due to the risk of bleeding.
77
What is the classification of Protamine Sulfate?
Heparin Antagonist ## Footnote Protamine sulfate is specifically used to reverse heparin effects.
78
What are the indications for Protamine Sulfate?
Reversal of heparin-induced anticoagulation during medical procedures or in cases of heparin overdose ## Footnote It is crucial in emergency situations involving heparin.
79
What is the mechanism of action of Protamine Sulfate?
Binds to anionic heparin, forming a stable complex that neutralizes heparin's anticoagulant effects ## Footnote This allows for the restoration of normal coagulation.
80
What nursing implications should be considered for Protamine Sulfate?
* Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions * Observe coagulation parameters * Inform patients about potential side effects ## Footnote Awareness of allergic reactions is important during administration.
81
What is the classification of Vitamin K (Phytonadione)?
Vitamin, Antidote ## Footnote Vitamin K is essential for clotting factor synthesis.
82
What are the indications for Vitamin K (Phytonadione)?
* Reversal of anticoagulant effects of warfarin * Treatment of vitamin K deficiency ## Footnote It is vital in managing warfarin therapy.
83
What is the mechanism of action of Vitamin K (Phytonadione)?
Essential for hepatic synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X ## Footnote Restores activity of these factors, reversing warfarin effects.
84
What nursing implications should be considered for Vitamin K (Phytonadione)?
* Evaluate INR levels before and after administration * Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions * Advise on adherence to prescribed dosing ## Footnote Ensuring proper dosing is crucial for effective reversal.
85
What is the classification of Enoxaparin?
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH) ## Footnote Enoxaparin is commonly used for anticoagulation.
86
What are the indications for Enoxaparin?
* Prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) * Treatment of pulmonary embolism * Prevention of ischemic complications in unstable angina * Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction ## Footnote It is frequently used in various thromboembolic conditions.
87
What is the mechanism of action of Enoxaparin?
Enhances inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin by antithrombin III ## Footnote It has a higher anti-factor Xa to anti-factor IIa ratio compared to unfractionated heparin.
88
What nursing implications should be considered for Enoxaparin?
* Monitor for signs of bleeding * Assess renal function before therapy * Routine monitoring of coagulation parameters is generally not required ## Footnote Periodic complete blood counts and stool occult blood tests are recommended.
89
What is the classification of Dabigatran?
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor ## Footnote Dabigatran is used primarily for stroke prevention.
90
What are the indications for Dabigatran?
* Reduction of stroke and systemic embolism risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation * Treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism ## Footnote It is important for managing thromboembolic disorders.
91
What is the mechanism of action of Dabigatran?
Directly inhibits thrombin (factor IIa) ## Footnote Prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, inhibiting clot formation.
92
What nursing implications should be considered for Dabigatran?
* Monitor for signs of bleeding * Assess renal function prior to initiation * Educate patients on adherence to dosing ## Footnote Proper management is crucial for effective anticoagulation.
93
True or False: Vitamin K is used to reverse the effects of heparin.
False ## Footnote Vitamin K is specifically used for reversing warfarin effects.

patho 1 year 2 sem 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions