Week 1 + 2 Pathology Flashcards
Amnion Nodosa
Numerous, small, grey or yellow nodules on fetal surface: Associated with Potters Syndrome (oligohydraminos + renal agensis)
Circumvallate Placenta
Placenta is > than fetal surface, wraps around
Placental Aging
Increase calficiations and segmentation: normal in post term pregnancy.
Placenta Previa vs Placenta -Creta
Placenta Previa = Abnormal Location
Note: Common in 2nd trimester, usually moves out by 3rd trimester.
Placenta -Creta = Abnormal Plantation, absence of desidua SX: Bleeding in the 3rd Trimester! Accreta = to myometrium Increta = into myometrium Percreta = through myometrium
Polyhydraminos (>2000 ml in late pregnancy) association
Usually absorption defect (duodenal/esophageal atresia) or maternal diabetes mellitus
Abruptio Placenta
Most common cause of perinatal mortality
Rupture of materal artery or premature separation of placenta = retroplacental hematoma
Muconium Placenta = complication + histology
Complication = aspiration causing pneumonitis
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation = prominent and consistent feature of preeclampsia/eclampsia. Fibrin thrombi in liver, brain, and kidneys.
Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia
Begins after the 20th week of pregnancy
Maternal blood flow to the placenta is reduced:
Uterine spinal arteries never fully dilate or acute artherosis of spinal arteries lead to thrombosis. = Placental infarction.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: Complete and Incomplete Hydatidiform Mole
Incomplete Mole: 2 spermatazoa, 69 chromosomes
Complete Mole: 46 parental chromsomes, no mother.
DX: Enlarged Uterus + Snowstorm
Note: TX of Choriocarcinoma = methotrexate
Risks of not treating cryptochidism
Seminomas and Embryonal Carcinomas.
Arnold Chiari Malformation
Cerebellum is compacted and herniates through foramen magnum. Causes C3-C5 to become S shaped. Compresses and stretches Cranial Nerves 9-12
