Week 1 (2)

Question 1

3 rules of membership for professionals

Answer 1

1. Achieve and maintain a predefined level of competence in as defined by the group
2. Assume an identity district and separate from the people they serve
3. Embrace the collective ideology, traditions and conduct of the group

Question 2

7 obligations for physicians

Answer 2

1. Establish reasonable standards of competency and professional conduct
2. Train physicians to meet those standards and sanction those who do not
3. Be accesible to everyone seeking care
4. Take responsibility for our own actions
5. Never exploit patients for personal gain
6. Safeguard limited resources
7. Promote the public good

Question 3

6 demands

Answer 3

1. Freedom to treat patients was we see fit
2. Preservation of our professional autonomy
3. Protection of our monopoly on the health care system
4. Level of compensation commiserate with the high value of our services
5. Shared responsibility or the health of our patients
6. The status and respect we deserve

Question 4

Criteria for moral balancing

Answer 4

• Reasons for acting on the overriding norm
• Moral objective for infringing norm must have a good chance for success
• The is no preferable alternative for infringing the norm
• The norm is infringed to the least extent possible
• Must seek to minimize negative effects of infringement
• All affected parties are treated impartially

Question 5

10 essential health services

Answer 5

1. Ambulatory patients services
2. Emergency services
3. Hospitalization
4. Maternity and newborn care
5. Mental health and substance use disorder
6. Prescription drugs
7. Rehabilitative and habilitative services and devices
8. Laboratory services
9. Preventive and wellness services and chronic disease management
10. Pediatric services, including oral and vision care

Question 6

6 mandatory medicaid coverage groups

Answer 6

1. Families receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
2. Pregnant women and children under 6 with family income below 133% of FPL
3. Children 6-18 below 100% FPL
4. Parents below states’ July 1996 welfare eligibility levels
5. Elderly and personas with disabilities who receive Supplemental Security Income
6. Recipients of Foster Care and adoption services

Question 7

Groups eligible to medicare

Answer 7

1. Most people age 65+if they or spouse are eligible for Social Security payments and have made payroll tax contributions for more than 10 years
2. Non-elderly who receive Social Security Disability Insurance can become eligible after a 2 year waiting period
3. Patients with end-stage renal disease are eligible with no waiting period
4. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 8

Examples of why we are vulnerable to disease due to evolution

Answer 8

1. Post reproductive loss of selection pressure
2. Exposure to novel environment conditions (mismatch)
3. Co-evolution with rapidly mutating pathogen
4. Persistence of harmful alleles due to heterozygote advantage
5. Design constraints due to the incremental nature of natural selection

Question 9

What play a role in health care besides medical care

Answer 9

Nutrition
Sanitation
Socioeconomic status
Racism
Housing
Environment