Week 1, 2,3 Flashcards by Austin Cheung

Explain and describe what the environment is

It is the range of external conditions, physical and biotic.
This can also include social and cultural considerations in which there is a food supply and climate change

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Why is there an increase of climate change?

The Industrial Revolution made the increased of carbon dioxide

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Explain the energy crisis

Came in 1857 when the steam engine came into place which there is lots of burning gasoline, coal and oil

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How is climate change a factor of population growth

The more people there are the more resources we need to burn

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What is the population predicted by 2030

8-10 billion

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Why is pollution an issue?

It is dirty, kills 16million, and affects the poor daily

Chemicals from pollution such as microplastics can affect marine life

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explain Loss of biodiversity

There is a high rate of extinction.

There is a 100,000-higher chance of distinction

Plants and animals can help eat our carbon dioxide

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Global inequalities

The gap between rich and poor is growing

1% of the richest own 50% of the worlds wealth

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World hunger

There is a dire need to grow food and is not distributed equally

820million people are hungry
2billion people lack good food

There is a high waste in food

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What is the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer

It is a concern about the UV rays from the sun that illuminates to earth

Is solved now

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How does blue marble affect humans

It allows us as humans to see the earth for the first time as a whole and was a finite space

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What do all global issues have in common

They have global effects

And can affect people over multiple generations

Can capture world-wide attention

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What is the Montreal Protocol

An international agreement that aims to protect the Earth’s Ozone layer by not using Ozone depleting substances in products such as fridges, AC, fire exingushers

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Instituions

Embodies particular sets of values norms and roles that a society believes to be essential

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Complex systems

we input something into the system and we output something

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Name the 4 spheres

Biosphere:
Hydrosphere
Atmospthere
Lithosphere

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Troposphere

contains weather and 98% of water vapour

Atmosphere

The thin layer that overlaps the earth

Consists of nitrogen and oxygen

Can consists of trace gases such as water vapour and CO2

Atmospheric circulation

Stratosphere

contains the ozone layer

Hydrosphere

Contains water in the three states (gas, liquid and solid

97% of the water is in oceans and covers 75% of the earth’s surface

Lithosphere

Includes the earth’s crust and mantle

Is the foundation of earth system

Contains all raw material

Pedosphere: outermost layer of the earths crust and comprises of the soil

Biosphere

The sum of all biological activity

Can create and maintain an oxygen-rich atmosphere

Anthrosphere: section of the environment that is modified by humans

Photosynthesis

Changing solar energy into organic materials

Closed system

Energy is exchanged with the outside environment while matter is not (Earth)

Open system

Both energy and matter are exchanged wit the outside environment Example is any of earths spheres

Biogeochemical cycles

Pathways that describe how a substance moves through the various components of the earth's systems Elements: carbon, nitrogen Molecules: Water Materials: Rock

Name the components of a cycle

Reservoir: how the substance is held Flux: how the substance is moved

Perturbations

A disturbance in the cycle, such as a landslide in the creek Changes in the earth's orbit

Linear response

The magnitude of the response is proportionate to the perturbation The pool will fill faster if you use a big hose, longer if you use small hose

Feedback loops

Positive feedback loop: Warm temperatures speed up ice caps melting

Negative feedback loop

response to a disturbance decreases magnitude Warm temperature -> more clouds -> more humid

What is a natural resource

It is a source or supply that occurs in nature that can be naturally restored without humans Example: Materials, Flows of energy, Attributes of the environment (bee pollination)

Basis of origin (Classifications

Biotic: living and organic Abotic: non-living and non organic

Stages of development

Actual: surveyed and currently exploited Reserve: Surveyed and can be exploited in the future Stock: Surveyed but currently inaccessible Potential: We think they are there but have not checked

Renewability

Non-renewable: where the production rate is slower than the resource being consumed Renewable: rate of production is similar or faster than consumption

Name the extraction cycle

Resource Production Consumption Waste

What are factors that influence Recycle

Scarcity of original resource Need technologies to create new opportunities More efficient than production

types of recycling

Produces primary resources: back into same original source material Secondary resource: resource production of new source material Example paper and plastic

What is considered waste

Materials that are deemed to not further use, not worth using or not valued

Sink

Parts of the environment used for the disposal of valueless material Garbage--> landfill Sewage---> ocean