Week 1 & 2 Flashcards
what is abductive logic?
not definitive, based on forming a hypothesis or finding the most likely explanation given the available evidence
what is deductive logic?
based on certainty - if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true, definitive
what is inductive logic?
generalization of observations, based on patterns or evidence where the conclusion is likely
what are the three branches of monism and what do they mean?
idealism: everything is mental
physicalism: everything is physical
identity theory: the mind and body are the same
what are the three branches of dualism?
classical dualism: mind controls body
substance dualism: mind and body are two separate substances
property dualism: mind and body are made of the same substances but have different properties
true or false: functionalism is an accurate way of depicting the mind
FALSE!
what is functionalism?
functionalism means that mental states are results of function of physical states
distinguish between navitism, empiricism, associationist
navitism: born with knowledge
empiricism: knowledge through experience
associationist: simple knowledge acquired unconsciously (learned through reflection)
what is the difference between declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge?
declarative: facts from studies and observations, not natural
procedural: acquired through procedure, natural (eg. reflexes)
what is qualia?
qualities you cannot accurately describe or measure (eg. being in love or being bored) w
what is a reductionist view?
a view that defines a whole as a sum of components, and not for each individual component
which experiment did john searle do?
chinese room argument, which showed that computers lack meaning, intelligence, and intention
what was the purpose of mary’s room?
to prove that there are non-physical properties which can only be discovered through conscious experience
true or false, consciousness and awareness are two separate entities
TRUE!
who declared that consciousness is distributed and that we process information in multiple streams?
dennett in 1991
explain the difference between voluntarism, structuralism, and functionalism
voluntarism: belief that will plays a central role in behaviour (introspection)
structuralism: structure of mind can be understood from its elements
functionalism: explains what mind does and mental activity (eg. chinese room scenario)
what are the four steps of learning?
- preparation (understanding the problem)
- incubation (problem is put aside for some time)
- illumination (aware of situation)
- verification (confirm solution works)
what is gestalt psychology?
a type of psychology which pieces groups together based on similarity, proximity, closure, and pragnanz
