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Maternal OB > Week 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 signs of pregnancy

A
  1. PRESUMPTIVE signs = indivdual thinks pregnancy
  2. PROBABLE signs = examiner suspects pregnancy
  3. POSITIVE signs = explained only by pregnancy
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2
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening and compressibility of lower uterus
*exam by doctor

*** PROBABLE SIGN

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3
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

violet blue color of cervix & vaginal mucosa due to increased blood flow and estrgen

**PROBABLE SIGN

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4
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

softening of the cervical tip - mucus plug
**PROBABLE SIGN

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5
Q

colostrum begins developing

A

at 16 weeks and up to 3 to 5 days after birth

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6
Q

hormones ovaries secrete
vs hormones breasts secrete

A

ovaries = progesterone
breasts = estrogen & prolactin

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7
Q

Braxton Hick’s

A

irregular and false contractions with pain relieved by walking

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8
Q

quickening

A

fetus movement
16 to 20 weeks

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9
Q

best side for pregnant women to lay

A

LEFT side
relieves pressure on organs

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10
Q

cardiac changes in pregnancy

A

pulse rate increases 10bpm faster
diastolic decreases in wks 24-32
increased clotting factor
12-20 wks = systolic murmur
increased blood volume and RBC volume

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11
Q

psuedoanemia in pregnancy

A

result of increased plasma = hemodilution = lower hgb & hct

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12
Q

supine hypotension

A

result of position leading to fetal hypoxia

dizziness, light-headedness, pallor, and clammy skin

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13
Q

respiratory changes during pregnancy

A

increased respiratory rate
decreased total lung capacity
diaphragm elevates by 4cm
SOB is common

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14
Q

relaxin hormone

A

relaxes round ligaments on the ribs and rib cage making it easier to breath

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15
Q

GI changes during pregnancy

A

increased appetite
constipation (bc hormones)
gallstones
acid reflux
bleeding gums
excess salivation

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16
Q

cholasma

A

increased pigmentation of the face

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17
Q

linea nigra

A

dark line from the top of fundus to symphysis pubis

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18
Q

striae gravidum

A

stretch marks

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19
Q

diastasis recti

A

separation of muscles 28 to 30 weeks

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20
Q

normal weight gain during pregnancy

A

25 to 35 pounds

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21
Q

symptoms of pregnancy

A

n / v / fatigue / SOB
heartburn
constipation - hemorrhoids
backaches
ginigvitis
nose bleeds,
varicose veins & lower edema
uti
urinary frequency
breast tenderness

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22
Q

Leopold maneuver

A

palpation of fetal position

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23
Q

ballottement

A

amniotic fluid bounce of fetus

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24
Q

couvade syndrome

A

father/partner exhibits symptoms of pregnancy

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25
Q

reproductive systems are similar for the first

A

6 weeks

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26
Q

primary sex characteristics
vs
secondary sex characteristics

A

primary = directly responsible for reproduction - vagina & testes

secondary = other systems - breast development

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27
Q

Bartholian glands

A

lubricate the vagina and the cervix

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28
Q

fundus

A

top of the uterus - where strong contractions originate

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29
Q

boggy fundus

A

inidicates bleeding

priority = massage or empty bladder

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30
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

AMPULLA - in fallopian tubes

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31
Q

divisions of the uterus

A

C.I.C

corpus (top)
isthmus (middle)
cervix (bottom)

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32
Q

layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium (outer)
myometrium (middle)
endometrium (inner & what sheds)

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33
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A
  1. Follicular phase - 1st day of menstruation = 1st day of cycle
  2. Ovulatory phase
  3. Luteal phase
34
Q

phases of Endometrial cycle

A
  1. Proliferative Phase (1st half)
  2. Secretory Phase (last half)
  3. Menstrual Phase
35
Q

follicular phase

A

before ovulation = before egg is released
increase in GnRh (hypothalamus) & FSH & LH (ant.pit)

*FIRST day of menstruation to 14 days

36
Q

Luteal Phase

A

ovulation = beginning

corpus luteum releases estrogen & progesterone to thicken endometrium & decrease FSH & LH to help fertilize egg

37
Q

Spinnbarkeitt

A

elasticity of cervical mucus to avoid promoting infection

38
Q

karyotype

A

complete set of chromosomes

39
Q

genotype vs phenotype

A

genotype = genes
phenotype = observable traits

40
Q

Folic Acid requirement before pregnancy vs after

A

before = 400mcg

after = 600 mcg

41
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

missing chromosome on 46
*Monosomy
*X-linked recessive trait - inherit one chromosomefrom each parent

42
Q

Trisomy results in

A

**extra chromosome
Kleinfelter syndrome = 47
Downsyndrome = 21

43
Q

function of corpus luteum

A

releases estrogen & progesterone to thicken endometrium & decrease FSH & LH to help fertilize egg

44
Q

pre-embryonic period

A

first 2 weeks after conception
entry of zygote into the uterus

45
Q

embryonic period

A

weeks 3 through 8

major organs develop - differentiate external genitals

heart rate us detectable by transvaginal ultrasound

46
Q

fetal period

A

weeks 9 - 38

47
Q

ways to relieve back pain during pregnancy

A

use proper body mechanics
perform the pelvic rock exercise every day

48
Q

ultrasound doppler can detect a heartbeat at

A

weeks 9 - 12

49
Q

shiny schultz of the placenta

A

is the fetal side

50
Q

oligohydroamnios vs hydramnio

A

oligo = less than 50 % of expected amniotic fluid for gestation (<400ml)

hydro = > 2000ml of amniotic fluidv

51
Q

veins and arteries in the umbilical cord

A

2 arteries
1 vein (placenta to fetus)

52
Q

pregnancy visits should occur

A

monthly between 16 to 28 weeks

every 2 weeks between week 29 to 36

weekly weeks 36+

53
Q

underweight pregnant patients should gain

A

28 to 40 pounds

54
Q

overweight pregnant patient should gain

A

15 to 25 pounds

55
Q

pregnancy calories per day

A

2200 to 2900

2nd tri = +340 calories/day
3rd tri = +452 calories/day

56
Q

pregnancy protein intake should be

A

71 g per day

57
Q

iron intake should be

A

27 mg/day
between meals
w vitamin C
w stool softner

58
Q

calcium intake should be

A

1000 to 1300 mg/day

59
Q

in the first trimester a patient should gain no more than

A

2-4 pounds

60
Q

examples of foods high in calcium

A

dark leafy green vegetables
nuts
legumes
fortified OJ
soy milk

61
Q

patients who are lactating should consume an additional

A

450 to 500 calories per day

62
Q

Nagele’s Rule

A

estimated date of deliver

FIRST day of last menstrual cycle - 3months + 7 days & change the year

63
Q

gravida

A

number of pregnancies

64
Q

nulli -
primi -
multi-

A

nulli = never
primi = first
multi = prego more than 1x

65
Q

para

A

of pregnancies that ended at 20 weeks or before (miscarriages?)

66
Q

G.T.P.A.L.

A

G = gravidity = pregnancies including current

T = # TERM pregnancies (37wks +)

P = # PRETERM pregnancies (less than 36 wks)

A= # of abortions

L = # of living children

67
Q

fundal height is measured

A

at 20 weeks then its size should = dates of pregnancy +- 2 weeks

68
Q

RhO(D) immune globulin vaccine is administered at

A

28 weeks

test at 20 weeks

69
Q

intervention for labor pain felt in the back

A

counter-pressure on the sacrum

70
Q

glucosuria in urine

A

is considered a normal variation

71
Q

external abdominal ultrasound the patient

A

should have a full bladder

72
Q

V.E.A.L / C.H.O.P. / M.I.N.E

A

***FHR pattern
V = variable deceleration
E = early deceleration
A = Acceleration
L = late deceleration

**CAUSE
C = Cord compression
H = head compression
O = okay
P = placental insufficiency

***INTERVENTION
M = maternal reposition
I = ID labor progress
N = no intervention
E = execute interventions

73
Q

V.E.A.L.

A

*** readings of FHR
V - variable deceleration
E - early deceleration
A - acceleration
L - late deceleration

74
Q

CHOP

A

***causes
C = cord compression
H = head compression
O = Okay!
P = placental insufficiency

75
Q

MINE

A

**interventions
M = maternal reposition
I = ID labor progress
N - no interventions
E = execute intervention

76
Q

count to 10

A

ten movements in 1 to 2 hours

77
Q

test to measure fetal movement on fetal heart activity

A

non-stress test
**reactive is 2 or more accelerations within 20 minutes

** nonreactive if fewer than 2 in 40 minutes

78
Q

biophysical profile assess

A

fetal breathing
fetal tone
gross body movements
amnitotic fluid volume

SCRE OF 8 TO 10
less than 4 = asphyxia

79
Q

contraction stress test

A

measures if baby can tolerate labor

NEGATIVE IS GOOD = well-being

80
Q

fetal bradycardia & intervention

A

less than 110 bpm

change position
administer O2 / iv fluids
stop oxytocin

81
Q

fetal tachycardia & interventions

A

> 160 bpm
**due to infection
admin anti-pyretic & O2 / iv fluids

82
Q
A

Maternal OB (8 decks)

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