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MCB BLOCK 1 > Week 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 non reducing sugars ?

A

Sucrose and trehalose

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2
Q

What is the polyol pathway ?

A

Glucose to SORBITOL to fructose

NADPH
SORBITOL Dehydrogenase

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3
Q

What are the non polar AA ?

A

GAM PILV PTM

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4
Q

What are the posive charged AA.?

A

LAH

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5
Q

Polar AA?

A

AGSTT

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6
Q

Negative AA?

A

ASPARGLUT

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7
Q

Ketogenic AA ?

A

LEUCINE
ISOLEUCINE

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8
Q

Glucogenic and ketogenic AA ?

A

PITTT

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9
Q

How do you differentiate between AGCT?

A

A = only 1 NH2 with 2 rings
G = nh2 and double bnd O (2rings)
C = nh2 and double bnd O
T = ch3 and double bond O
U = 2 double bond O

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10
Q

What is PAS used for ?

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

What are the layers of epidermis ?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum leucidium
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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12
Q

1st cell for bacterial infection ?

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

1st cell for parasitic infection ?

A

Eosinophils

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14
Q

In which arteries in elastic lamina more in tunica intima and tunica media ?

A

Elastic arteries

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15
Q

Arteries with more EL in tunica inimia and adventia ?

A

Muscular

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16
Q

Which two veins comprise hepatic vein ?

A

Hepatic port + superior mesenteric and splenic

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17
Q

What are the structure of nephron ?

A

Glomerulus
PCT
DESCND LOOP
ASEND LOOP
DCT
COLLECTING DUCT

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18
Q

What are the 2 layers of adrenal gland ?

A

Outer cortex
Inner medulla

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19
Q

What are the 3 layers of inner medula and it’s harmones?

A

Glomerulosa - Aldosterone (Mineralo)
Fasciculata - Cortisol ( gluco)
Reticularis - androgens (Gonado)

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20
Q

What are the two parts of pituitary ?

A

Anterior = Adenohypophysis ( Pars distal)
Posterior = Neurohypophysis ( nervosa)

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21
Q

What are the two harmones of Pars nervosa ?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

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22
Q

What are the basophilic harmones of Adenohypophysis ?

A

Fsh, lh
TSG
Acth

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23
Q

Acidophil harmones of Adenohypophysis ?

A

GH AND PROLACTIN

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24
Q

Which layer of the embryo forms the lung bud or Respiratory diverticulum at week 4 ?

A

ENDODERM

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25
Q

What does lung bud bifurcate into ?

A

Bronchial bud

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26
Q

Which groove becomes a septum separating Tranchea and esophagus ?

A

Tracheo-oesophagal groove

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27
Q

What are the 4 stages of lung development ?

A

P 1-16
C 16-25
T 26 - birth
A birth to 8 years

28
Q

What are the functions of two surfactants of lungs ?

A

1 alveolar - gas exchange
2 pneumocyte - Prevents sticking

29
Q

What are the layers of heart

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium (visceral Epicardium)
Epicardium

30
Q

3 parts where ureter constriction occur ?

A

Renal pelvis to ureter
Pelvic brim
Bladder

31
Q

What is it called when uterus Is in normal position ?

A

Antiverted (normal)
Retroverdes (abnormal)

32
Q

What are the ventricles of CSF ?

A

Lateral to third ( IV FORMEN)
Third to 4th ( Cerebral aqua duct)
4 th to 1 median and 2 lateral apetures

33
Q

Look at the somatic and visceral nerves in WEEK 2 CNS?

A

111 PAGE NO IN TUTORING

34
Q

Which nerves goes to prearotic ganglia and to the visceral organs ?

A

Splanchic nerves

35
Q

What are the two genomic repeat types ?

A

Tandem
Interspersed

36
Q

What are the 4 types of tandem repeats ?

A

Satellite - kinetachore
Mini - Telomers
Microsatelite - str, ssr
VNTR

37
Q

What is the most common repeat sequence in the Genome ?

A

SINE
ALU ELEMENTS

38
Q

What are the results of fertilization in day 1 ?

A

Restoration of diploid chromosomes
Determination of Sex
Cleave of zygote initiation

39
Q

What are the two layers of blastocyst ?

A

Inner embryoblast
Outer tropoblast

40
Q

What are the two layers of tropoblast

A

Syncytotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast

41
Q

What are the results of week 2 of fertilization ?

A

Epibalst and hypoblast formation from embryoblast

Tropho= syncyto and Cyto

Amniotic and blastocyst cavity appear

Blastocyst = yolk sac

Mesoderm splits = parietal and visceral

42
Q

What is the main function of week 3 of fertilization ?

A

Formation of 3 germ layers

43
Q

What is the function of primitive streak and what does it contain ?

A

Primitive streak = grrove, node and pit

Formation of trilaminar disck

44
Q

What is ccloacal membrane ?

A

It is the future site of the anus where the epibalst and the hypoblast fuse

45
Q

Which Mesoderm is first formed by the 1st population of epibalst and primitive streak ?

A

Intramembrameous Mesoderm

46
Q

What is the tumor from primitive streak called

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

47
Q

What are the parts of ectoderm and it’s future organs/ organells?

A

Ectoderm = epithelium of skin

Neuroectoderm from Neural tube
CNS RETINA

Neuroectoderm from Neural Crest
PNS FACE MOUTH NOSE PHARYNS

48
Q

What are the three types of Mesoderm in the trilaminar disk ?

A

Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral

49
Q

What does the paraxial Mesoderm form ?

A

Scleratoma = bones of torso
Dermomyotome = all skeletal muscle

50
Q

What does intermediate Mesoderm form ?

A

Urogenital system

51
Q

What does lateral Mesoderm form ?

A

Parietal = limb bones, sternum, Dermis, parietal Pericardium, pleura and peritonium

Visceral = smooth and cardiac muscle, visceral layer of Pericardium, pleura and peritonium, Vasculature

52
Q

What does ENDODERM lining form ?

A

GI AND RESP TRACT

53
Q

What is the pneumonic for baby reflex ?

A

GRABSMEN

944(12)2604

54
Q

What is western blotting used for ?

A

Protien

55
Q

What are the initial and final n & c number of mitosis ?

A

2n 4c
2n 2c

56
Q

What are the initial and final n & c number of miosis 1

A

2n 4c
1n 2c

57
Q

What are the initial and final n & c number

A

1n 2c
1n 1c

58
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis ?

A

Pmat

59
Q

What are the three disorders of trisomy aneuploidy ?

A

Ped

Patau - cleft palate - 13
Edward - rock bottom feat - 18
Down - single palmar crease - 21

60
Q

What is the cause of turner syndrome ?

A

Aneuploidy of Sex chromosomes
Loss of X or Y chromosomes
45X

61
Q

Cause of klienfelter syndrome ?

A

47 Xxy
Trisomy of Sex chromosomes
MALES

62
Q

47 Xxx chromosomes trisomy cause ?

A

Tall in female

63
Q

47xyy causes ?

A

Tall in males

64
Q

Wolf hirschann syndrome is caused by ?

A

Loff of p arm of chromosome 4
Growth retard
Hypotonia
Greek helmet

65
Q

Cru Du chat syndrome is caused by ?

A

Loss of p arm of chromosome 5
Mental retardation
Hypertelorism - wife space bt eyes

MCB BLOCK 1 (1 decks)

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