Week 1-2

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

1. Support and Framework
2. Leverage for movement
3. Protection of vital organs
4. Storage of minerals
5. Production of blood cells

Question 2

Name the Carpal bones

Answer 2

(Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle)

a. Scaphoid
b. Lunate
c. Triquetrum
d. Pisiform
e. Trapezium
f. Trapezoid
g. Capitate
h. Hamate

Question 3

How does muscle attach to bone?

Answer 3

Via a tendon

Question 4

How does bone attach to bone?

Answer 4

Via a ligament

Question 5

Name the 6 types of fractures

Answer 5

1. Comminuted – Bone fragments in 3+ pieces – common in ages individuals with more brittle bones
2. Compression – Bone is crushed – common in porous bones (ex. osteoporotic)
3. Epiphyseal – Epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal plate – occurs in preadolescence prior to closure of epiphyseal plates
4. Depressed – Broken bone portion is pressed inward – typical skull fracture
5. Spiral – Ragged break due to excessive twisting force – common in sports fractures or in toddlers
6. Green Stick – Incomplete break; one side broken; one side bent – common in children

Question 6

What is the difference between a simple and compound fracture?

Answer 6

Compound will pierce the skin

Question 7

What are the 3 types of joint classes?

Answer 7

1. Fibrous (articulating bones connected by fibrous tissue, limited movement)
2. Cartilaginous (articulating bones united by hyaline or fibrocartilage)
3. Synovial (articular surfaces = hyaline/articular cartilage, most common/abundant)

Question 8

What are 3 examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 8

Sutures in the skull, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis

Question 9

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints and examples of each?

Answer 9

1. Primary = Synchondroses (early life bone development; ex. Epiphyseal (growth) plates)
2. Secondary = Symphyses (strong, slightly moveable joints, united by fibrocartilage; ex. Pubic symphysis)

Question 10

What are the 6 joint classes within the synovial joint category?

Answer 10

i. Ball & Socket (shoulder or hip) - Multi-axial, High mobility, low stability
ii. Saddle (base of thumb)
iii. Condyloid (wrist)
iv. Pivot (Radial Head next to ulna)
v. Hinge (Elbow, knee is a “modified” hinge - Uniaxial joint, More stability, less range of motion, ex. simple joint = elbow
vi. Plane (exist between carpals and tarsals

Question 11

Synovial Joints are made from which 5 structures?

Answer 11

1. Bones
2. Ligaments & Capsule
3. Tendons/Muscles
4. Intra-Articular Structures
5. Bursae

Question 12

Describe the 2 reasons for reduced bone density in aging

Answer 12

1. Estrogen, 2. Bone demineralization (decreased calcium)

Question 13

Define Scoliosis

Answer 13

left to right deviation of the spine

Question 14

Define Kyphosis

Answer 14

Pronounced curvature in thoracic region

Question 15

Define Lordosis

Answer 15

Pronounced curvature in lumbar region

Question 16

What is Osteoarthritis?

Answer 16

Joint cartilage is gradually lost (wear and tear), can be unilateral.

Question 17

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

Answer 17

Inflammation of joint linings (synovial membrane) & cartilage, autoimmune disease, typically bilateral