Week 1/2

Question 1

What does BOMDAS stand for?

Answer 1

Brackets, Order (exponent), Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction

Question 2

Epistemology?

Answer 2

branch of philosophy that is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge

Question 3

Knowledge can be acquired from

Answer 3

personal experience, authority, logic/reason (rationalism), observation, and science

Question 4

What is an empirical question?

Answer 4

A question that can be answered through observation

Question 5

What are the principles of the scientific method

Answer 5

objectivity, skepticism, oppenness, tentativeness, and independence from authority

Question 6

What is objectivity?

Answer 6

supporting evidence MUST be observable by an person aka. anyone else can replicate or observe the experiment

Question 7

What is an example of objective evidence when measuring anxiety?

Answer 7

physiological responses

Question 8

What is skepticism?

Answer 8

claims must be backed by evidence which should be carefully and critically evaluated, “show me the evidence”, “let’s have a look”

Question 9

What is tentativeness?

Answer 9

hypotheses may be revised or discarded in light of future observations

Question 10

What is independence from authority?

Answer 10

carefully collected evidence is the only authority in science, claims must be supported by evidence no matter who they come from

Question 11

Some goals of the science of psychology are:

Answer 11

to describe, explain, predict and control behaviour

Question 12

good theories and hypotheses are

Answer 12

tentative and parsimonious (simplest explanation that accounts for all relevant observations= best)

Question 13

circular hypothesis

Answer 13

repetitive outcome, unsatisfactory

Question 14

falsifiability is

Answer 14

capacity for some proposition, statement, theory or hypothesis to be proves wrong i.e. testability

Question 15

scientific evidence must be:

Answer 15

1. empirical
2. objective (free from bias)
3. systematic (step-by-step)
4. controlled (with little to no influence from outside factors on measurements- or at least held constant)

Question 16

What is the order of the scientific process (design of a study)

Answer 16

Theory
Hypothesis
Design study 
Data -> analsye: statistical tests and describe: organise, explore, display, summarise
Write report 
Repeated Experiments 
Theory

Question 17

a psychological theory is

Answer 17

a precise statement of how events in the world affect behaviour specifically

Question 18

Hypotheses are

Answer 18

focused questions derived from theory, and then tested in experiments

Question 19

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 19

Represented by H0, it is when there is no relationship between the IV and the DV.

Question 20

What is an alternative hypothesis?

Answer 20

H1- confirmed relationship between the IV and DV, only accepted tentatively after ruling out null hypothesis

Question 21

what does statistical data test to discount in regards to the null hypothesis?

Answer 21

chance

Question 22

Science comes from which latin word, and means?

Answer 22

Scire- to know

Question 23

What is hindsight bias?

Answer 23

When you read something and feel as though you knew it all along

Question 24

What is foresight bias?

Answer 24

When you see material and convince yourself you will remember it later

Question 25

What kinds of knowledge are NOT generated by the scientific method

Answer 25

faith-based and morality-based knowledge

Question 26

Writing a research report with a detailed methods and results sections demonstrates which scientific principle?

Answer 26

Oppenness

Question 27

Collecting data based on measurements that you or anyone can readily replicate and observe demonstrates which scientific principle?

Answer 27

Objectivity

Question 28

Accepting that your hypothesis may have to be revised or discarded in light of new information demonstrates which scientific principle?

Answer 28

Tentativeness

Question 29

Only accepting evidence as support of a hypothesis or argument demonstrates which scientific principle

Answer 29

Independence from authority or anti-authoritarianism

Question 30

The view that evidence for a claimed theory or fact must be observable, objective and able to be checked or verified by others is?

Answer 30

Empiricism