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Adult Medical Surgical 1 > Week 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 & 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the steps of nursing process ?

A

Assessment , Diagnosis , Plan, Intervention , Evaluation.

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2
Q

What is a Nursing diagnosis ?

A

An actual or potential problem , is not a medical diagnosis.

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3
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasent sensory expierence with an actual or potential tissue damage

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4
Q

What are the components of pain?

A

Physical , emotional , and cognitive

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5
Q

What is the most reliable indicator of pain?

A

The patients report

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6
Q

What is addiction?

A

A compulsive behavioral pattern

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7
Q

What is an agonist ?

A

A drug that affects the receptors

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8
Q

Whats is an antagonist ?

A

A substance that blocks drugs or reverces the effect

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9
Q

What is dependence ?

A

Causes withdrawl syndrom when stopping the opioid , not indication of addiction

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10
Q

What is a nociceptor ?

A

A receptor that is senstive to a noxious stimulus (pain receptor)

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11
Q

What is the most common reason for seeking medical help

A

Pain

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12
Q

What is a non-nociceptor?

A

A receptor that doesn’t transmit pain

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13
Q

What is the meaning of algogenic ?

A

A substance that causes pain

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14
Q

What is an opioid?

A

Drugs that relief pain, may have side effects

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15
Q

What is pain tolerance ?

A

The maximum amount of pain that the paitent can endure

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16
Q

What is a PCA?

A

Patient controlled analgesia , its a self adminstered medication

17
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Pain coming from a site that isnt the site of the injury or disease

18
Q

What is tolerance ?

A

When the sensitivity to a medication lessens , need for a stronger dose

19
Q

Types of pain?

A

Duration (chronic , acute , cancer related) , location and etiology

20
Q

What is diaphoresis ?

A

Excessive sweating

21
Q

What kind of pain activates the fight-or-flight response ?

A

Mild or moderate pain, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, HR & BP & blood glucose increase

22
Q

What is the physical response to deep pain?

A

Parasympathetic , opposite affects of the fight or flight, adapts to pain

23
Q

What happens if acute pain goes untreated?

A

Can affect other systems (endocrine, respiratory, cardivascular, immune),risks physiological disorders

24
Q

What happens if chronic pain goes untreated?

A

Increased disability, depression, supression of immune function and promotion of tumor growth

25
Q

What are the factors that influnce pain?

A

Past experiences with pain, fatigue

26
Q

Summarize the WHO pain managment ladder ,

A

1-3 : non opioid , 4-6 : weak opioid , 7-10 : strong opioid.

27
Q

What is respiratory depression?

A

Difficulty breathing , when IV, SQ or intraspinal route is used, higher risk in elderly, develops over a period of days,

28
Q

Meperidine (demrol)

A

Only 50% absorbed orally, check the patients liver function, HR/BP/RR drops, vertigo, look for urinary retention, look for confusion , rise in fluid and fiber (bulf and fluid)

29
Q

Morphine

A

Metabolized by the liver , same effects as demrol , commonly used

30
Q

Fentanyl (sublimaze)

A

IM/IV route, used transdermally, liver metabolism, same effects as demrol but no urinary retention, PCA system (80 doses over 24hrs) , used if patient has allergy to morphine or demrol

31
Q

Versed (midazolam )

A

Sedative/anti-anxiety/anesthesia , used before or after surgery , impair short term memory by enhancing a chemical in the brain, may cause breathing problems and tenderness at the injection site and nuasea

32
Q

What are NSAIDS ?

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug e.g aspirin

33
Q

What is a narrow theraputic index ?

A

Strong but short term effects , must be constantly given

34
Q

NSAIDS

A

Used for mild or moderate pain, inhibits (stops) cyclo-oxygenase that circulates prostaglandin, monitor for salicylism (tinnitus , vertigo, and decreased hearing acuity) , monitor urine & fecal output, patient with renal faliure require a small dose, causes bleeding and gastric irratatoon

35
Q

What are anti convulsants?

A

Anti seizure medication like carbamazepine (tegrol), monitor for agranulocytosis and hyponatremia(low sodium levels) , used for treating neuropathic pain

36
Q

What is PQRST?

A

Provocation/palliation, quality , region/radiation , severity, timing ,

Adult Medical Surgical 1 (3 decks)

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