Week 1 & 2 Flashcards
What are the steps of nursing process ?
Assessment , Diagnosis , Plan, Intervention , Evaluation.
What is a Nursing diagnosis ?
An actual or potential problem , is not a medical diagnosis.
What is pain?
An unpleasent sensory expierence with an actual or potential tissue damage
What are the components of pain?
Physical , emotional , and cognitive
What is the most reliable indicator of pain?
The patients report
What is addiction?
A compulsive behavioral pattern
What is an agonist ?
A drug that affects the receptors
Whats is an antagonist ?
A substance that blocks drugs or reverces the effect
What is dependence ?
Causes withdrawl syndrom when stopping the opioid , not indication of addiction
What is a nociceptor ?
A receptor that is senstive to a noxious stimulus (pain receptor)
What is the most common reason for seeking medical help
Pain
What is a non-nociceptor?
A receptor that doesn’t transmit pain
What is the meaning of algogenic ?
A substance that causes pain
What is an opioid?
Drugs that relief pain, may have side effects
What is pain tolerance ?
The maximum amount of pain that the paitent can endure
What is a PCA?
Patient controlled analgesia , its a self adminstered medication
What is referred pain?
Pain coming from a site that isnt the site of the injury or disease
What is tolerance ?
When the sensitivity to a medication lessens , need for a stronger dose
Types of pain?
Duration (chronic , acute , cancer related) , location and etiology
What is diaphoresis ?
Excessive sweating
What kind of pain activates the fight-or-flight response ?
Mild or moderate pain, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, HR & BP & blood glucose increase
What is the physical response to deep pain?
Parasympathetic , opposite affects of the fight or flight, adapts to pain
What happens if acute pain goes untreated?
Can affect other systems (endocrine, respiratory, cardivascular, immune),risks physiological disorders
What happens if chronic pain goes untreated?
Increased disability, depression, supression of immune function and promotion of tumor growth
What are the factors that influnce pain?
Past experiences with pain, fatigue
Summarize the WHO pain managment ladder ,
1-3 : non opioid , 4-6 : weak opioid , 7-10 : strong opioid.
What is respiratory depression?
Difficulty breathing , when IV, SQ or intraspinal route is used, higher risk in elderly, develops over a period of days,
Meperidine (demrol)
Only 50% absorbed orally, check the patients liver function, HR/BP/RR drops, vertigo, look for urinary retention, look for confusion , rise in fluid and fiber (bulf and fluid)
Morphine
Metabolized by the liver , same effects as demrol , commonly used
Fentanyl (sublimaze)
IM/IV route, used transdermally, liver metabolism, same effects as demrol but no urinary retention, PCA system (80 doses over 24hrs) , used if patient has allergy to morphine or demrol
Versed (midazolam )
Sedative/anti-anxiety/anesthesia , used before or after surgery , impair short term memory by enhancing a chemical in the brain, may cause breathing problems and tenderness at the injection site and nuasea
What are NSAIDS ?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug e.g aspirin
What is a narrow theraputic index ?
Strong but short term effects , must be constantly given
NSAIDS
Used for mild or moderate pain, inhibits (stops) cyclo-oxygenase that circulates prostaglandin, monitor for salicylism (tinnitus , vertigo, and decreased hearing acuity) , monitor urine & fecal output, patient with renal faliure require a small dose, causes bleeding and gastric irratatoon
What are anti convulsants?
Anti seizure medication like carbamazepine (tegrol), monitor for agranulocytosis and hyponatremia(low sodium levels) , used for treating neuropathic pain
What is PQRST?
Provocation/palliation, quality , region/radiation , severity, timing ,
