week 1 Flashcards
hedgehog (Hh) definition
secreted protein that acts as a signal
hedgehog’s role in drosophila and vertebrates
- stimulates embryonic segment polarity (which allows diff. segments of embryo to develop) and patterning of imaginal disks (folded epithelium that are precursor of adult tissues)
- important for development
true or false: if Hh is inappropriately activated in drosophila this can lead to cancer.
FALSE. if Hh is inappropriately activated in vertebrates this can lead to cancer.
what kinds of tumors can Hh misactivation lead to in vertebrates?
basal cell carcinoma (skin cancer) and medulloblastomas
patched (ptc)
cell receptor
Smo is found in … when … is absent and … when … is present
endosomes; Hh
plasma membrane; Hh
cubitus interruptis (Ci)
transcription factor (allows DNA–>mRNA). REGULATED BY SMO
T or F: Smo regulates Ci. And In the absence of smo, Ci acts as a repressor and presence of smo, Ci acts as activator
true Smo regulates Ci, but it’s presence/absense of Hh that impacts activation/repression
… has a 7 membrane domain structure and an N-terminal cysteine rich domain
smo
Gli
protein like Ci, that is released in vertebrates when Hh is present
how are caspases activated so that they can then break down proteins/cause cell death
- monomers are partly cleaved and then joined together in an active dimer
- mito releases cytochrome c, which activates adaptor proteins, which assemble and recruit procaspase-9, which is then activated by adaptor protein (whole structure is called apoptosome)
along with apoptosis, caspases are involved in
cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, communication
protospacer gene is in which protein (aka which protein are we trying to destroy?)
Smo
5 things that happen during apoptosis
Apoptosis
• Cell shrinks and condenses
• Cytoskeleton collapses
• Nuclear envelope disassembles
• DNA breaks into fragments
• Phagocytosis
