Week 1 Flashcards
Define psychology
Psychology is defined as the scientific investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering, and feeling), behaviour, and the interaction between them.
Who is the proponent of Structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt
Who is the proponent of Functionalism?
William James
Who is associated with the Psychodynamic Approach?
Sigmund Freud
Who is a key figure in Behaviourism?
John B. Watson
Which two psychologists are known for the Humanistic Perspective?
- Carl Rogers
- Abraham Maslow
True or False: Psychology only studies behavior.
False
Fill in the blank: The scientific investigation of mental processes, behaviour, and their interaction is called _______.
psychology
List the major approaches to psychology mentioned.
- Structuralism
- Functionalism
- Psychodynamic Approach
- Behaviourism
- Humanistic Perspective
Who established psychology as a separate discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt is often referred to as the ‘Father of Psychology’.
When did Wilhelm Wundt establish the first psychological research laboratory?
In 1879
The laboratory was located in Leipzig, Germany.
What is the significance of the year 1881 in psychology?
First journal publishing research in psychology established
This journal contributed to the dissemination of psychological research.
What are the two types of consciousness according to Wundt?
Overt and Covert
Overt refers to observable behavior, while covert refers to internal mental processes.
Define overt behavior.
Behavior which is directly observable
Overt behaviors can be measured and seen by others.
Define covert processes.
Processes that are internal (mental)
Covert processes include thoughts, feelings, and other mental activities.
What are the five major schools of thought in psychology? (Theoretical Perspectives)
Behaviorism, cognitive psychology, humanistic psychology, psychodynamic theory, and biological psychology.
What does the Psychodynamic Approach focus on?
The unconscious
It explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders in terms of unconscious determinants.
What does Behaviourism study?
Observable behaviour (overt)
It emphasizes changes in behaviour based on experience and the environment.
What is a key belief of the Humanistic perspective?
People are innately good and will strive to realize goals and ambitions
This perspective suggests that people have no control over their destinies.
What does the Cognitive Perspective study?
Internal mental events
It aims to understand behaviour through examining these internal processes.
Fill in the blank: The Psychodynamic Approach explains personality and mental disorders in terms of _______.
unconscious determinants
True or False: Behaviourism emphasizes the role of internal thoughts and feelings in shaping behaviour.
False
Behaviourism focuses solely on observable behaviour and environmental influences.
List three key components of the Psychodynamic Approach.
- Focus on the unconscious
- Explanation of personality
- Understanding of mental disorders
Fill in the blank: The Humanistic perspective believes that people are _______.
innately good
What is the main emphasis of Behaviourism?
The environment
It focuses on how changes in behaviour are based on experiences.
What are some cognitive functions mentioned?
Memory, reasoning, problem solving
These functions are essential components of human cognition.
What is the focus of the evolutionary perspective in psychology?
Explain known behaviours in a species on the basis of evolutionary principles
This perspective looks at how evolutionary factors influence behavior.
Fill in the blank: The evolutionary perspective seeks to explain behaviours based on _______.
[evolutionary principles]
True or False: The evolutionary perspective only focuses on physical traits.
False
It also considers behaviors and psychological traits influenced by evolution.
What are two types of impulses mentioned in the context of the evolutionary perspective?
Eat, sexual impulses
These impulses are often analyzed to understand survival and reproduction behaviors.
