Week 1 Flashcards
AI History & Intelligent Agents
What are the four main ways AI is defined?
Thinking humanly, Acting humanly, Thinking rationally, Acting rationally.
What is the Turing Test used for?
To determine if a machine can exhibit human-like intelligence by fooling a human interrogator.
What are some real-life applications of AI?
Chatbots, Self-driving cars, Medical diagnosis, Recommendation systems.
What are the major historical phases of AI?
First Golden Age (1956-1974), AI Winter (1974-1990), Quiet Progress (1990-2012), Second Golden Age (2012-Present).
What is an intelligent agent?
An entity that perceives its environment and takes actions to maximize its success.
What is the PEAS framework used for?
Defining an AI agent’s task environment: Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors.
What are the four types of AI agents?
Simple reflex agents, Model-based reflex agents, Goal-based agents, Utility-based agents.
What is the difference between deterministic and stochastic environments?
Deterministic: Next state is fully determined by current state and action. Stochastic: Involves randomness and uncertainty.
What is reinforcement learning?
A learning technique where an agent learns by receiving rewards or penalties for its actions.
What is the difference between Weak AI and Strong AI?
Weak AI: Systems that act as if they were intelligent. Strong AI: Systems with real, conscious intelligence.
What is the difference between Narrow AI and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?
Narrow AI: Performs specific tasks. AGI: Can perform any intellectual task a human can.
What are some ethical concerns in AI?
Bias, Privacy, Job displacement, Algorithmic transparency.
What is an example of a goal-based agent?
A self-driving car that navigates to a destination efficiently.
What is a rational agent?
An agent that takes the action that maximizes expected performance based on available information.
What are examples of partially observable environments?
Self-driving cars, Poker, Medical diagnosis.
What AI milestone occurred in 1997?
IBM’s Deep Blue defeated chess champion Garry Kasparov.
What AI milestone occurred in 2016?
AlphaGo defeated Go champion Lee Sedol.
What is a utility function in AI?
A function that assigns a numerical value to different outcomes to guide decision-making.
What are actuators in AI systems?
Components that allow an AI agent to interact with the environment (e.g., robot arms, car steering).
What are sensors in AI systems?
Components that allow an AI agent to perceive its environment (e.g., cameras, microphones).
